从知识传入到工业实践:近代江南制造局译书中的炼锌知识及在湖南水口山的早期应用  

From the Introduction of Western Knowledge to Industrial Practice:The Knowledge and Early Application of Zinc Smelting in the Translated Books of Kiangnan Arsenal

作　　者：陈书敏 方一兵[1] 周文丽[1] Chen Shumin;Fang Yibing;Zhou Wenli(Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2024年第3期247-262,共16页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

摘　　要：由于锌的冶炼难度高,其冶炼技术在世界范围内出现较晚。我国虽是世界上较早掌握炼锌技术的国家,但近代西方炼锌技术后来居上,洋务派通过翻译西学书籍引进西方部分先进的技术知识,其中《金石识别》《宝藏兴焉》《矿学考质》三本译书对锌的冶炼技术有详细介绍。本文通过对上述三本译书的文本分析,厘清了近代西方传入中国的三种炼锌技术知识及其与中国传统炼锌技术知识的差异;通过梳理史料,还原了西式炼锌知识引入后在中国第一座西法炼锌厂——湖南水口山西法炼锌厂的应用及其技术选择;最后讨论了影响炼锌技术知识早期应用的若干因素。China is the earlier country in the world to master zinc smelting technology,there is a record of zinc smelting technology in Tiangong Kaiwu in 1637.Since the 18th century,the zinc smelting technology in Europe had become more advanced than China,and there had been more popular British zinc smelting method,Belgian zinc smelting method and Silesian method.In the late 19th century,these technical knowledge began to be translated into China by the Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal.During this period,China had always applied the traditional method of zinc smelting.It was not until 1934,nearly half a century after the introduction of this knowledge,that the first zinc refinery using the Western method was built in China.The main questions to be investigated in this paper are the following:Through what medium was the knowledge of Western zinc refining introduced into China?What knowledge was introduced?Was those knowledge related to the first practical application of Western zinc refining technology in China?By analyzing the translated texts of the translations of Kiangnan Arsenal and sorting out the historical materials,it can be concluded that the three translated books,namely Jinshi Shibie,Baozang Xingyan,and Kuangxue Kaozhi,systematically introduced three kinds of zinc smelting technical knowledge popular in the West at that time,among which Baozang Xingyan is the most detailed and systematic.In terms of the efficiency of zinc refining,all three western technologies are more efficient than the traditional Chinese zinc refining technology.The article also provides a preliminary reconstruction of the application of those knowledge in the first Western-style zinc refinery in China,the Shuikoushan Western-style Zinc Refinery in Hunan province.Several attempts of western zinc refining had been made in Hunan,but all were unsuccessful.It was not until 1934 that Raoshi,the chief engineer of the Shuikoushan Western-style Zinc Refinery in Hunan,succeeded in realizing the Western method of zinc refining after a numbe

关 键 词：近代江南制造局译书 炼锌 知识传入 水口山 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论]