活性污泥法污水处理技术在上海的早期传入与实践  

Early Introduction and Practice of Activated Sludge Sewage Treatment Technology in Shanghai

作　　者：徐子钦 段海龙[1] Xu Ziqin;Duan Hailong(Institute of History of Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学科学技术史研究院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2024年第3期278-287,共10页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：内蒙古师范大学基本科研业务费专项资金资助“中西科技文化交流与传统工艺案例研究”(2022JBXC019);内蒙古师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目“污水处理技术在中国的传播”(CXJJS22142)。

摘　　要：20世纪初,上海公共租界工部局为了解决抽水马桶带来的水环境问题,邀请英国化学家福勒来沪进行考察,提出结合活性污泥法的处理方案。文章以活性污泥法污水处理技术传入上海的过程为重点,分析了福勒提出活性污泥法方案的过程,梳理了工程师前往美国、加拿大考察并评估该技术在上海的适用性,探讨了活性污泥法落地上海,建造污水处理实验室的情况。这是活性污泥法首次进入上海,也是第一次传入中国,促进了近代上海的城市现代化建设。活性污泥法在上海的传入,反应了技术移植过程中的常规程序,即提出方案、调研与选择、探索实践模式。活性污泥法的引入,是近代技术进入中国的典型案例。In 1917,the Shanghai International Settlement's Municipal Council invited British chemist Gilbert John Fowler to Shanghai to assess the water quality and urban environment within the settlement.Fowler proposed a wastewater treatment solution using the activated sludge process.After understanding and mastering the activated sludge technology,the Municipal Council decided to apply it in the Settlement.The article uses archival documents to study the introduction,proposal,research,selection,and exploratory practice of wastewater treatment technology in the Shanghai International Settlement.It is divided into four main parts:(1)The invention of the activated sludge process is outlined.In 1914,Gilbert John Fowler,along with his students Edward Ardern and William T.Lockett,conducted experiments on activated sludge,turning wastewater clear and producing a nitrogenrich substance—activated sludge.(2)The proposal and selection of wastewater treatment solutions are studied.The widespread use of flush toilets led to severe water environmental problems.In response,the Municipal Council began seeking solutions.In 1918,Fowler was invited to Shanghai by the Council,where he proposed using the activated sludge process to address Shanghai's water issues based on the local environment.(3)The suitability of the activated sludge process as examined by the Municipal Council is analyzed.In 1919,following Fowler's proposal,the Council's board studied its feasibility and dispatched engineer Chas.H.Godfrey to research the activated sludge process.(4)The application of the activated sludge process by the Municipal Council is discussed.In 1919,the Council began smallscale experiments with the activated sludge method,constructing four experimental wastewater treatment plants.The experiments proved that the activated sludge process could solve the wastewater issues,and Percy Gaunt was hired as a new sanitary chemist to work on wastewater treatment.During this period,the introduction of wastewater treatment methods in the Shanghai Internatio

关 键 词：污水处理 上海公共租界 活性污泥法 技术引进 

分 类 号：T-09[一般工业技术]