戴济与近代油漆化工教育及实践  

Dai Ji’s Contribution to Modern Painting Chemical Education and Industrial Development

作　　者：王文超 Wang Wenchao(Teaching Department for Philosophy and Culture,Beijing Administration Institute,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中共北京市委党校哲学与文化教研部,北京100037

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2024年第3期288-296,共9页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

摘　　要：近代以来,随着西方科学知识传入和大规模的技术转移,诸多行业和技术都呈现出“二元结构”的局面:一方面是传统手工技术和行业文化的传承、维系;另一方面是新知识、新技术带动工业技术兴起,逐渐对原有社会结构和技术体系产生深刻影响。20世纪初期,随着西方现代化和油漆工业迅速发展,中国传统油漆技术应用及原料受到世界局势影响,发展油漆工业成为历史必然。本文以首批庚款留美学生戴济留美及归国后主要学术及社会活动为个案,梳理其在引进并推动近代油漆化工高等教育发展及本土化、促进中美油漆化工领域科技交流、推动国内油漆工业发展等方面的主要贡献,弥补了学界以往对戴济及油漆化工领域技术转移史研究的不足。油漆教育及工业发展改变了中国近代对油漆产品需求的进口依赖局面,一定程度上满足了中国近代工业需求,为钢铁、铁路、船舶等重工业发展,以及近代民众家居生活方式的改变提供了必备的新型装饰涂料,也较好推动了传统油漆技术的新发展。In the early 20th century,as Western modernization and the painting industry rapidly progressed,the world situation began to influence both the application and raw materials of traditional Chinese paint technology.Consequently,the advancement of the painting industry emerged as a historical inevitability.Using Dai Ji as a case study,this paper outlines his significant contributions in introducing and fostering the development and localization of modern higher education in paint and chemical engineering.In 1909,Dai Ji graduated from Shanghai Higher Industrial School and subsequently secured an opportunity to study abroad in the United States.He was admitted to the University of Maine to pursue chemistry.While studying in the U.S.,he observed the maturity of the American paint industry and acknowledged the lag in China's paint sector.Motivated,he applied for a study opportunity at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology to delve deeper into the development of the American paint industry.Dai Ji graduated from the University of Maine in 1914 and returned to China with a mission.Upon his return,he wholeheartedly committed to modernizing Chinese painting and chemical education.He published papers,authored textbooks,and established professional journals.Commencing in 1917,he joined the Beijing Industrial Specialized School as a teacher and began publishing scholarly articles on paint chemistry.Dai Ji introduced Western knowledge of paint chemistry through his textbooks and sought to widen his social influence by founding journals.He emphasized forging stronger ties with academic and industrial communities in the U.S.to bolster education and industry in China's paint and chemical sector.In 1922,he visited the U.S.to explore the paint industry further and invited Professor Toch to China for guidance and scholarly exchanges.Additionally,he sent students to study in the U.S.Dai Ji also underscored the symbiotic relationship between schools and factories,encouraging active production and participation in market

关 键 词：戴济 油漆化工 油漆工业 高等教育 技术转移 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论]