中国空间站的微波星地时频比对技术及其初步试验验证和分析  

Microwave Satellite-Ground Time-Frequency Comparison Techniques Based on the China Space Station:Initial Testing Validation and Analysis

作　　者：郭燕铭 高帅和 潘志兵 王沛[1] 龚学文 宋坤 周晨[4] 张文颖 陈晓锋 白燕[1] 高玉平[1,2] 卢晓春 张首刚[1,2] GUO Yan-ming;GAO Shuai-he;PAN Zhi-bing;WANG Pei;GONG Xue-wen;SONG Kun;ZHOU Chen;ZHANG Wen-ying;CHEN Xiao-feng;BAI Yan;GAO Yu-ping;LU Xiao-chun;ZHANG Shou-gang(National Time Service Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710600,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;The 29th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Chengdu,Sichuan 610036,China;Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心,陕西西安710600 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]中国电子科技集团公司第29研究所,四川成都610036 [4]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《电子学报》2024年第4期1239-1249,共11页Acta Electronica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2023YFB3906500);国家自然科学基金(No.12273045,No.42030105);中国载人航天工程应用系统项目。

摘　　要：高精度时频比对是现代科学技术的核心需求之一.然而,现有的技术受限于比对系统测量水平和链路系统误差处理算法,严重限制了时间比对性能的提升.针对这些问题,本研究搭建了基于中国空间站的高精度星地微波时频比对系统,并提出了一种基于双向测量的空间站-地面时频比对技术(三频模式),包括了对各项链路系统误差精细化建模新方法.通过对不同星地时频比对场景的仿真模拟发现,在配置高精度原子钟(10^(−15)~10^(−17))进行星地时频比对的场景下,经过本文算法优化后的比对长期性能仍可达与原本星地时钟相近的性能.利用中国空间站所搭载的氢钟与地面氢钟进行初步比对试验结果表明,在300 s可视弧段内的空间站-地面时间比对精度可达到10.77 ps,相应的ADEV(Allan DEViation)达到9.9921×10^(−14)@100 s,与仿真模拟结果大致吻合.本研究可为精密时频同步技术提供了新的理论依据和技术参考.High-precision time-frequency comparison is a crucial demand in modern science and technology.Yet,the performance of current technologies is significantly hindered by the measurement capabilities of comparison systems and the error processing algorithms of link systems.Addressing these challenges,this study establishes a high-precision satelliteground microwave time-frequency comparison system based on the China Space Station(CSS),introducing a novel satel⁃lite-ground time-frequency comparison technique that employs two-way measurements(tri-frequency mode)and includes advanced methods for detailed modeling of link system errors.Simulations across various satellite-ground time-frequency comparison scenarios reveal that,even with high-precision clocks(10^(−15)to 10^(−17)),the long-term performance of the compari⁃son,optimized through our algorithm,can achieve near-original satellite-ground clock performance.Preliminary compari⁃son tests using the hydrogen maser clocks on the CSS and the ground demonstrate that,within a 300-second visibility arc,CSS-ground time-frequency comparison precision can reach 10.77 ps,with an ADEV(Allan Deviation)of 9.9921×10^(−14)@100 s,closely matching simulation results.This research provides new theoretical foundations and technical references for precision time-frequency synchronization technology.

关 键 词：中国空间站 原子钟 星地微波链路 时频比对 双向测量 

分 类 号：TN98[电子电信—信息与通信工程] P19[天文地球—天文学]