基于温湿度异布的日光温室冬季主动通风策略设计与验证  

Design and verification of an active ventilation strategy using the heterogeneous distribution of temperature and humidity for solar greenhouses in winter

作　　者：宋成宝 柳平增[2,5] 刘兴华 魏珉[3] 张正辉 章子文[2,5] SONG Chengbao;LIU Pingzeng;LIU Xinghua;WEI Min;ZHANG Zhenghui;ZHANG Ziwen(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,271018,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,271018,China;College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,271018,China;Shandong Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Tai’an,271018,China;Key Laboratory of Huang-Huai-Hai Smart Agriculture Technology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安271018 [3]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,泰安271018 [4]农业装备智能化山东省工程研究中心,泰安271018 [5]农业农村部黄淮海智慧农业技术重点实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第10期228-238,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目-设施农业物联网关键设备及应用技术研究(SD2019ZZ019);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MC083)。

摘　　要：针对日光温室冬季自然通风热量损失大、降湿效率低的问题,该研究在揭示室内温湿度空间异布特征基础上,提出主动通风策略,提高保温降湿效能。通过搭建包含28个温湿度传感器的日光温室物联网监测平台,深入分析了室内温湿度空间分布规律。结果显示,温室上下区域积温差值可达300℃,白天日照时段的相对湿度差值达20个百分点,且呈现温度上高下低、湿度上低下高的空间异布特征,自然通风模式下室内上部高温低湿空气优先与室外干冷空气置换导致其保温降湿效能低下。基于此,该研究提出了主动通风排湿策略,利用安装于温室底部的轴流风机改变气流方向,强迫下部区域低温高湿空气从风机口优先向外排出,使上部区域高温低湿空气逆向沉积保留在室内,有效排湿的同时降低热量损耗。主动通风实地试验结果显示,相比于受室内外气候影响可控性差的自然通风,主动通风率可在0~30 m^(3)/(m^(2)·h)之间无级调节,有利于通风的精准控制;晴朗、多云、阴雨3种典型天气下主动通风的日平均温湿比均高于自然通风,体现出较好的气象适应能力和稳定性;其中,晴朗天气下日均温度可提高2.0~2.7℃,日均相对湿度可降低15~17个百分点,日均温湿比可提高31.1%~32.9%,保温排湿效能改善明显。同时,主动通风策略的投入产出比为2.62,能够以较低的投入获得理想的经济收益,经济可行性较好。该研究所提出的主动通风排湿策略可以有效提高保温排湿效能,技术合理性和经济可行性良好,可为日光温室冬季微气候调控提供理论参考和解决方案。Solar greenhouses have been widely used to provide abundant fruits and vegetables in the cold regions of China in winter.The microclimate in the greenhouse is crucial to the crop quality and yield.But the greenhouse environment can often be regulated for dehumidification and carbon dioxide supplementation using low-cost natural ventilation.The low indoor temperatures have resulted from the significant heat loss.In this research,active ventilation was proposed to reduce the heat loss for the better suitability of winter greenhouse environments using the spatial distribution of temperature and humidity.Firstly,the differences in temperature and humidity were quantitatively analyzed in the different regions of the greenhouse.28 sensors of temperature and humidity were deployed inside and outside the greenhouse.The data was collected for 115 days during winter and spring,respectively.A field test was performed on the winter greenhouses in Shandong Province,China.The results show that there were significant differences in temperature and humidity in the different areas.The upper-middle areas shared the higher temperatures and lower humidity,while the main growth area of the crops,i.e.,the lower-middle area,had the lower temperatures and higher humidity.The maximum accumulated temperature difference between the upper and lower areas during winter can reach up to 300℃,which is 30% of the average accumulated temperature,and the relative humidity difference during daylight hours can be up to 20 percentage points.This heterogeneous distribution was attributed to the substantial heat dissipation and the low dehumidification efficiency that was caused by the replacement of warm,dry air at the top with outside air during natural ventilation.Secondly,an active ventilation dehumidification was proposed to utilize the temperature and humidity heterogeneous distribution.The axial fans were installed at the bottom of the greenhouse.The direction of airflow was adjusted to remove the cold and humid air from the bottom,while the t

关 键 词：日光温室 温度 湿度 主动通风 温湿度异布 保温降湿 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]