不同铵态氮肥配施对麦茬水稻生长、氮素利用及产量的影响  

Effects of combined application of different ammonium nitrogenon growth,nitrogen utilization and yield of stubble rice

作　　者：卢碧林[1,2,3] 张大弘 罗嘉润 杨松 LU Bilin;ZHANG Dahong;LUO Jiarun;YANG Song(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei;Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Use,Ministry of Education(Yangtze University),Jingzhou 434025,Hubei;Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Hazards and Wetland Agriculture of Hubei Province(Yangtze University),Jingzhou 434025,Hubei;Comprehensive Law-enforcement Center of Dongcheng Sub District Office,Jingzhou District of Jingzhou City,Hubei Province,Jingzhou 434100,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心(长江大学),湖北荆州434025 [3]涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室(长江大学),湖北荆州434025 [4]湖北省荆州市荆州区东城街道办事处综合执法中心,湖北荆州434100

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期114-122,共9页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“长江中下游北部稻麦全程机械化技术创新”(2017YFD030140404)。

摘　　要：碳铵施用可促进稻田秸秆腐解和秧苗生长,但碳铵易分解和不能造粒使其应用受限,研究碳铵替代铵态氮肥将促进该技术的生产应用。基于2年小区定位试验和统计分析,以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置总施氮量20%碳铵+30%复合肥(V1)、20%氯化铵+30%复合肥(V2)、20%磷酸二铵+30%复合肥(V3)、20%硫酸铵+30%复合肥(V4)等5个不同的速效氮肥+复合肥的铵态氮肥筛选试验,研究不同铵态氮肥对麦茬水稻生长、氮素利用及产量的影响。结果表明:处理V2产量达10.34×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),较其他处理均达到显著增产的效果,处理V1、V3、V4间产量差异不显著;处理V2的平均穗粒数、叶面积指数和干物质积累量显著高于其他处理;施肥后12 d,处理V2的铵态氮含量显著性大于其他处理,硝态氮含量显著大于除处理V4外的其他处理,处理V2的pH低于其他处理,达显著水平;处理V2较其他处理显著提升茎蘖数7.48%~20.9%,处理V2与其他速效铵态氮肥处理相比显著地提升了氮素积累量、氮素表观利用率、氮素农学利用率和偏生产力。可见氯化铵配施可降低土壤pH,增加土壤铵态氮和硝态氮的含量,增加水稻平均穗粒数,提高氮素利用效率,具有平衡秸秆腐解和作物产量关系的作用。The application of ammonium bicarbonate can promote straw decomposition and seedling growth in paddy field,but its application is limited due to its easy decomposition and inability to granulate.The study of ammonium bicarbonate as an alternative to ammonium nitrogen fertilizer will promote the production and application of this technology.Based on a 2-year plot positioning experiment and statistical analysis,with no fertilization(CK)as the control,ammonium nitrogen screening tests were set for the total nitrogen application amount of 20%ammonium bicarbonate+30%compound fertilizer(V1),20%ammonium chloride+30%compound fertilizer(V2),20%diammonium phosphate+30%compound fertilizer(V3)and 20%ammonium sulfate+30%compound fertilizer(V4).The effects of different ammonium nitrogen fertilizer on the growth,nitrogen utilization and yield of paddy rice were studied.The results showed as follows:The yield of treatment V2 was 10.34×10^(3)kg/hm^(2),which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.There was no significant difference in yield among V1,V3 and V4 treatments.The average number of grains per spike,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of treatment V2 were significantly higher than those of other treatments.12 days after fertilization,the ammonium nitrogen content of treatment V2 was significantly higher than that of other treatments,the nitrate nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of other treatments except V4,and the pH of treatment V2 was lower than that of other treatments,reaching a significant level.Compared with other treatments,the tiller number of treatment V2 was significantly increased by 7.48%~20.9%.Compared with other treatments,treatment V2 significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen apparent use,nitrogen agronomic use and partial productivity.The application of ammonium chloride fertilizer reduced the soil pH,increased the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,increased the average number of grains per panicle,improved the nitrogen use effic

关 键 词：速效氮肥 铵态氮 水稻生长 土壤理化性质 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S511.062.01[农业科学—作物学]