1949年前后中国共产党的司法接管及政策调整  

The Judicial Takeover and Policy Adjustments of the Communist Party of China around 1949

作　　者：李在全 Li Zaiquan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所 [3]中国历史研究院近代以来中国历史学知识体系研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2024年第3期150-164,286,共16页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大委托项目“新民主主义革命史”(批准号:LSYZD21012)的阶段成果之一。

摘　　要：1949年前后,司法接管是中国共产党接管国民党政权工作的重要组成部分。基于马列主义国家观、政权观、法律观和自身干部队伍实际情况,中共的司法接管既有原则要求,也有弹性策略。东北地区司法接管工作,在解放战争初期即已展开,到1949年前基本结束,相关做法和经验为其后所沿用。三大战役结束后,新解放区迅速扩大,中共面临着大规模接管政权的任务,司法接管随之扩大,如何高效、有序、规范地进行接管,成为急切问题。为此,中共中央于1949年1月发出《关于接管平津国民党司法机关的建议》,同年11月又发出《关于接管国民党司法机关的补充建议》。这两个建议成为司法接管的指导文件,两者总体原则一致,但有所区别,前者较为严格,后者相对缓和,这是中共中央接管政策调整在司法领域的体现。这一调整影响了此后中南、西南、西北等解放区的司法接管工作。接管后的相关司法问题,在以后人民政权巩固过程中加以解决。Around 1949,judicial takeover was an important part of the Communist Party of China's efforts to take over the Kuomintang's regime.Based on the Marxist-Leninist view of the state,the regime,the law and the actual situation of its own cadres,the CPC's judicial takeover has both principle requirements and flexible strategies.The judicial takeover of the northeastern region began at the beginning of the China's War of Liberation and was basically completed by 1949,and the relevant practices and experiences were followed thereafter.After the end of the Three Major Campaigns in China's War of Liberation and the rapid expansion of the newly liberated areas,the CPC was faced with a large-scale takeover of the regime,and the judicial takeover expanded with it.How to carry out the takeover in an efficient,orderly and standardized manner became a matter of urgency.For this reason,the Central Committee of the CPC issued the Proposals on the Takeover of the Judicial Organs of the Kuomintang in Beiping and Tientsin in January1949,and the Supplementary Proposals on the Takeover of the Judicial Organs of the Kuomintang in November of the same year.These two recommendations became the guiding documents for judicial takeover,the general principles of both being the same but with some differences,the former being more stringent and the latter being relatively moderate.This is a reflection of the adjustment in the takeover policy of the Central Committee of the CPC in the judicial field.This adjustment affected the subsequent judicial takeovers in the liberated areas of the south-central,south-western and north-western parts of China.The judicial issues related to the takeover were resolved later in the process of regime consolidation.

关 键 词：司法接管 法官 检察官 军事管制 中共中央 

分 类 号：K269.6[历史地理—历史学]