自甘风险规则释论及其与相关规则的识别  

Explanation of Self-acceptance Risk Rules and Identification of Related Rules

作　　者：潘运华 吴沁灵 PAN Yunhua;WU Qinling(Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学,福建福州350108

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期75-83,共9页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》第1176条将自甘风险规则作为免责事由进行规定,具有重要的裁判价值和规范意义。自甘风险的构成要件在客观方面应属于具有一定风险的文体活动,并且损害源于固有风险的现实化;在主观方面需要受害人知情自愿,且当事人必须具有主体上的适格性。在法律效果上,若受害人自甘风险成立,侵权人可援引此规则进行抗辩,免除自身侵权责任,从而使受害人自行承担损害后果。但自甘风险规则的设定并不意味着降低或者免除活动组织者以及其他活动参与者的注意义务。此外,自甘风险作为新规定,易与受害人同意、过失相抵以及公平原则等相混淆,因其与相关规则之间性质不同,在当事人的过错程度、受害人对损害结果的了解程度和接受意愿等方面均存在差异,在适用过程中应注意区分。Article 1176 of the Civil Code stipulates that the self-acceptance risk rule is a cause of exemption,which has a significant normative significance and adjudication value.The constituent elements of self-acceptance risk should belong to sports activities with certain risks in the objective aspect,and the damage comes from the realization of inherent risks;in the subjective aspect,the victim needs to be informed and voluntary,and the parties must have subjective eligibility.In terms of legal effect,if the victim's self acceptance risk is established,the injurer can invoke this rule for defense,exempting their tort liability,so that the victim should bear the consequences of the damage.The establishment of the self-acceptance risk rule does not mean that the obligation of care of the event organizer and other participants can be reduced or exempted.As a new regulation,self-acceptance risk is easy to be confused with victim's consent,fault offset and fair principle,which should be distinguished in the application process.

关 键 词：自甘风险 免责事由 受害人同意 过失相抵 公平责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]