蜜柚果实养分分配规律及与汁胞品质的关系  

Nutrient allocation regulation in pomelo fruits and its relationship with the quality of juice sac

作　　者：赖长鸿 胡逸宸 李培杰 许艺嘉 王浩民 王寒雪 廖红[1] LAI Changhong;HU Yichen;LI Peijie;XU Yijia;WANG Haomin;WANG Hanxue;LIAO Hong(Root Biology Center,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian,350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学根系生物学研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期66-72,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金引导性项目(2021N0008)资助。

摘　　要：研究蜜柚果实中养分分配规律及与汁胞品质的关系,可为改善蜜柚品质及柚园养分管理提供科学依据。试验于2022年9月20日在福建平和县一个树龄13年的盛产期“三红蜜柚”园,取54个0.60~1.50 kg柚果,将果实分为黄皮层(外果皮)、白皮层、囊衣和汁胞等4个部位取样,分析各部位氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、可溶性氮[包括NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N和氨基酸态氮(AA-N)]和可溶性磷的含量及汁胞可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)含量等指标。结果表明,果实中氮∶磷∶钾约为8.61∶1.00∶8.55;其中,氮主要分配在黄皮层,磷主要分配在汁胞,钾在各部位分配相近。果实可溶性氮占氮的19.35%±2.67%,以AA-N为主,AA-N占15.45%±0.70%,NO_(3)^(-)-N占2.55%±0.08%,NH_(4)^(+)-N占1.35%±1.89%,NO_(3)^(-)-N主要分配在白皮层,NH_(4)^(+)-N主要分配在汁胞,AA-N在各部位分配相近。果实可溶性磷占磷的10.63%±0.09%,且主要分配在汁胞。汁胞固酸比(TSS/TA)与汁胞可溶性磷极显著正相关,与汁胞NH_(4)^(+)-N含量显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示,汁胞可溶性磷是影响汁胞固酸比的主要因素。果实氮磷钾及其可溶性形态在各部位分配的规律不同,建议“三红蜜柚”施肥遵循“高氮、低磷、高钾”的原则。To evaluate the relationship between nutrient allocation and juice sac quality of pomelo fruits,so as to provide scientific basis for improving pomelo quality and nutrient management of pomelo orchard,fifty-four 0.60-1.50 kg of pomelo fruits were randomly selected as testing materials.Each fruit was divided into four parts of F(Flavedo),A(Albedo),S(Segment membrane)and J(Juice sac).The concentrations of total nitrogen(N),total phosphorus(P),total potassium(K),soluble nitrogen(including NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,AA-N)and soluble phosphorus(SP),as well as the contents of total soluble solid(TSS)and titrable acid(TA)of juice sac were analyzed.The results showed that the ratio of N,P,K in fruits was 8.61:1.00:8.55.Among them,N and P was mainly distributed in F and J,respectively,and K was almost equally distributed in each part of fruit.Soluble N in fruits accounted for 19.35%±2.67%of total N with the main form as AA-N,among which the proportion of AA-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N was 15.45%±0.70%,2.55%±0.08%and 1.35%±1.89%,respectively.NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N was mainly distributed in A and J,respectively,and AA-N was similarly distributed in each part.Soluble P in fruits accounted for 10.63%±0.09%of total P and mainly existed in J.Correlation analysis showed that the ratio of TSS and TA(TSS/TA)was positively correlated with SP,while negatively correlated with NH_(4)^(+)-N of juice sac.The results of principal component analysis showed that SP of juice sac was the major factor affecting the ratio of TSS and TA.The allocation of N,P and K and its soluble forms in fruits differed in the different parts of pomelo fruits,suggesting the reasonable fertilization ratio is‘high N,low P and high K’.

关 键 词：三红蜜柚 养分分配 果实品质 氮 磷 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]