澳洲坚果内源激素含量与其生理落果的关系  

Relationship between endogenous hormone content and physiological fruit drop of macadamia

作　　者：李穆 黄思婕 谭秦亮 黄锦媛 赵渊 巫辅民 曾黎明 LI Mu;HUANG Sijie;TAN Qinliang;HUANG Jinyuan;ZHAO Yuan;WU Fumin;ZENG Liming(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院广西亚热带作物研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期96-101,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西农业科学院基本科研业务费(桂农科2022YM11、2021YT155);广西农业科学院科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动项目(桂农科盟202304-07);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD18281005);南宁市重点研发计划(20212132)资助。

摘　　要：为探究澳洲坚果早期生理落果机制,采用高效液相色谱法和高效气相色谱法测定澳洲坚果早期生理落果期间正常果和脱落果果柄中赤霉素(GA 3)、生长素(吲哚-3-乙酸IAA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、脱落酸(ABA)、油菜素内酯(BR)含量以及乙烯(ETH)释放量,并记录落果情况。结果表明,澳洲坚果早期生理落果期间(盛花后30~50 d),落果率为73.76%,落果率与正常果果柄中ABA含量呈显著正相关,与IAA含量呈极显著负相关;正常果果柄中GA 3、IAA和BR平均含量整体高于脱落果,而CTK、ABA平均含量和ETH平均释放量整体低于脱落果;正常果果柄中促进生长激素与抑制生长激素含量比率[IAA/ABA、GA 3/ABA、CTK/ABA、(IAA+GA 3+CTK)/ABA]整体大于脱落果。推测澳洲坚果果柄中低浓度IAA和高浓度ABA是其早期生理落果的主要原因,促进生长激素与抑制生长激素含量比对澳洲坚果早期生理落果有调控作用。To explore the early physiological fruit drop mechanism of macadamia,HPLC and HPGC were used to determine the contents of GA 3,IAA,CTK,ABA,BR and the release amount of ETH in the fruit stalks of normal and exfoliated macadamia during the early physiological fruit dropping period.The results showed that during the whole early physiological fruit dropping period,the fruit dropping rate of macadamia was 73.76%,significantly positively correlated with ABA content,and extremely significantly negatively correlated with IAA content in normal fruit stalk.The average contents of GA 3,IAA and BR in the stalks of normal fruit were higher than those of in exfoliated fruit,but the average contents of CTK,ABA and average release amount of ETH in the stalks of normal fruit were lower than those of in exfoliated fruit.The ratio of growth-promoting hormones to growth-inhibiting hormones,including IAA/ABA,GA 3/ABA,CTK/ABA and(IAA+GA 3+CTK)/ABA in normal fruit stalk was higher than that in exfoliated fruit.Therefore,it is speculated that low IAA content and high ABA content in stalks are the main causes for the early physiological fruit dropping of macadamia,and the ratio of growth-promoting hormone and growth-inhibiting hormone content in the fruit stalks of macadamia plays a regulatory role in the early physiological fruit dropping.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 果柄 内源激素 生理落果 吲哚-3-乙酸 脱落酸 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]