热带生态型龙眼种质资源在南宁的引种观察  

Introduction and observation of tropical ecotype longan germplasm resources in Nanning

作　　者：邱宏业 侯延杰[1] 秦献泉[1,2] 李鸿莉 李冬波[1] 房晨 张树伟[1] 尤婧祎 徐宁[1,2] QIU Hongye;HOU Yanjie;QIN Xianquan;LI Hongli;LI Dongbo;FANG Chen;ZHANG Shuwei;YOU Jingyi;XU Ning(Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;State Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources,Nanning,Guangxi,530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [2]亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,南宁530004

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期111-117,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系-良种繁育与生产配套技术岗位(CARS-32-02);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd2023-12-02);荔枝龙眼种质资源研究与品种选育(桂农科2021YT043)资助。

摘　　要：为丰富南宁龙眼品种,调整当地龙眼品种结构,以7份热带生态型龙眼种质资源为试材,南亚热带生态型龙眼“石硖”做为对照,在南宁进行引种试验观察,从物候期、植物学特性和果实性状方面进行综合比较。结果表明,热带生态型龙眼花芽萌动3月下旬至5月,果实成熟期8月下旬至9月下旬;而“石硖”7月中旬成熟,热带生态型龙眼鲜果上市时间比“石峡”晚1~2个月。供试种质单果质量差异较大,变异系数51.22%,其中“同奈2号”平均单果质量27.12 g。可溶性固形物含量、可食率、纵径、横径、侧径的变异系数分别为8.26%、11.78%、11.26%、18.24%、16.70%。果实果形指数0.90~1.13,变异系数8.00%,其中“泰国温带”“石硖”果形指数均为0.90,果实圆形或近圆形;其他种质果形指数均大于1.0,长圆形。综合来看,“同奈2号”成熟期晚,果实大,果皮较光滑,果肉黄白色且香气浓,与其他龙眼种质存在显著差异,是优质晚熟龙眼种质资源。To enrich longan varieties in Nanning,adjust varieties structure of local longan,phenological phase,phytological characteristics and fruit traits of seven tropical ecotype longan germplasm resources and south subtropical ecotype longan Shixia longan(as control)were comprehensively compared.The results showed that the flower buds of tropical ecotype longan sprouted in late March to May,and the fruits ripened from late August to late September,while the fruits of Shixia longan ripend in mid July,which was one to two months earlier than that of tropical ecotype longan.There was a significant difference on single fruit weight among the tested longan germplasm resources with a coefficient of variation of 51.22%,and the single fruit weight of Tongnai No.2 was 27.12 g.The coefficient of variation of soluble solid content,edible rate,transverse diameter,lateral diameter,and longitudinal diameter was 8.0%,11.78%,11.26%,18.24%,and 16.70%,respectively.The fruit shape index ranged from 0.90 to 1.13,with coefficient of variation of 8.00%.Among them,the fruit shape index of both Thailandwendai and Shixia was 0.90,and the fruit shape was circular or nearly circular.The fruit shape index of other longan germplasms was greater than 1.0,which was oblong.To sum up,Tongnai No.2 was a superior late-maturing longan variety with large fruit,smooth skin,yellow white flesh,strong aroma and late maturity,which was significantly different from other longan varieties.

关 键 词：龙眼 热带生态型 南亚热带生态型 种质资源 物候期 可溶性固形物 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]