基于田间表型性状的火龙果优异种质资源评价研究  

Evaluation of excellent germplasm resources of pitaya based on field phenotypic traits

作　　者：黄凤珠[1] 陆贵锋[1] 韦蒴曈 武志江 黄黎芳[1] 邓海燕[1] 梁桂东[1] 李祯英 HUANG Fengzhu;LU Guifeng;WEI Shuotong;WU Zhijiang;HUANG Lifang;DENG Haiyan;LIANG Guidong;LI Zhenying(Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期118-123,共6页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22068097);农业农村部物种资源保护项目-火龙果种质资源保护;广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2021JM62)资助。

摘　　要：为了科学确定火龙果优异种质资源评价标准,以农业农村部南宁火龙果种质资源圃内保存的种质资源为试材,从植物学特征、开花结果特性、果实品质性状、抗性等方面比较分析及综合评价。结果表明,筛选确定18项优良、特异种质资源评价性状,其中优良种质的性状包括生长势、柱头与花药相对位置、单果质量、果肉质地、果肉风味、可溶性固形物含量、开花结果批次、着果率、商品果率、产量、溃疡病抗性、抗寒性、抗热性共13项,特异种质的性状包括花瓣颜色、茎蔓上刺量、果皮颜色、果肉颜色、单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、开花结果批次、产量、溃疡病抗性共9项。筛选出丰产性高的种质69份,大果种质5份,高糖度种质22份,果皮颜色优异的种质5份,果肉颜色特异的种质14份,无草腥味且风味较好的白肉种质4份,高抗溃疡病种质1份。In order to scientifically determine the evaluation criteria for excellent germplasm resources of pitaya,the germplasm resources preserved in the Nanning Pitaya Germplasm Resource Nursery of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs were used as test materials for comparative analysis and comprehensive evaluation of botanical characteristics,flowering and fruiting characteristics,fruit quality traits,and resistance.The results showed that 18 evaluation traits were screened and determined for excellent and specific germplasm resources,of which 13 excellent germplasm traits included growth potential,relative position of stigma and anther,single fruit weight,flesh texture,flesh flavor,soluble solids content,flowering and fruiting batches,fruit setting rate,commercial fruit rate,yield,resistance to canker disease,cold resistance,and heat resistance.The traits of specific germplasms included petal color,amount of thorns on the stem,peel color,flesh color,single fruit weight,soluble solids content,flowering and fruiting batches,yield,and resistance to canker disease.The 69 high-yielding germplasms,5 large-fruit germplasms,22 high-sugar germplasms,5 germplasms with excellent peel color,14 germplasms with unique flesh color,4 white-fleshed germplasms with no grassy odor and good flavor,and 1 high-resistance germplasm to canker disease were screened out.

关 键 词：火龙果 优异种质 表型性状 评价指标 抗病性 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]