圆叶葡萄和欧亚种葡萄叶片提取物对葡萄霜霉病的防治作用  

Control effects of leaf extracts of Vitis rotundifolia and V.vinifera on grape downy mildew

作　　者：郭泽西 韦淑梅 李旭东 刘露露 潘凤英[1] 孙大运 尹玲 黄羽 曲俊杰[1] GUO Zexi;WEI Shumei;LI Xudong;LIU Lulu;PAN Fengying;SUN Dayun;YIN Ling;HUANG Yu;QU Junjie(Key Lab of Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;Grape and Wine Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,南宁530007 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所,南宁530007

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期185-191,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西重点研发计划(桂科AB21076001);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金(桂科ZY21195039);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT121,2023YM105)资助。

摘　　要：为了明确不同抗性葡萄的叶片提取物对葡萄霜霉病的防治作用,以对葡萄霜霉病免疫的圆叶葡萄品种Noble及感病的欧亚种葡萄品种赤霞珠的幼叶和成龄叶乙醇提取物(叶片经干燥、粉碎后,以95%乙醇进行超声提取)为试材,设置不同浓度梯度,检测其对葡萄霜霉病菌(Plasmopara viticola,葡萄生单轴霉)孢子囊和游动孢子萌发的影响,同时测定其对霜霉病的室内防治作用。结果表明,两种抗性葡萄的叶提取物对葡萄霜霉病菌孢子囊和游动孢子的萌发均具有抑制作用。1 mg/mL叶片提取物处理下孢子囊萌发率即显著低于对照(无菌水和5%乙醇),而且叶片提取物浓度从10 mg/mL增加到50 mg/mL时孢子囊萌发率显著下降。在10 mg/mL叶片提取物处理下游动孢子萌发率即显著低于对照。两种抗性葡萄幼叶和成龄叶提取物浓度为10、25和50 mg/mL时,仅10 mg/mL“赤霞珠”成龄叶提取物对葡萄霜霉病的室内防治效果为95.0%,其余处理均为100.0%。“Noble”和“赤霞珠”叶提取物具有抑制霜霉病菌孢子囊和游动孢子萌发的作用,其室内防治效果显著。In order to clarify the control effects of leaf extracts from grapevines with different levels of resistance on grape downy mildew(DM),ethanol extracts of young leaves and adult leaves of two grapevine varieties,DM-immune variety Vitis rotundifolia cv.Noble and DM-sensitive variety V.vinifera cv.Cabernet Sauvignon,were selected as test materials.The leaf was ultrasonically extracted with 95%ethanol after dried and crushed.Effects of leaf extracts with different concentration gradients on germination of sporangia and zoospores and their preventive effects on downy mildew in laboratory were determined.The results showed that both leaf extracts significantly inhibited the germination of sporangia and zoospores of Plasmopara viticola.The germination rate of sporangia treated with 10 mg/mL leaf extract was significantly lower than that of control(treated with sterile water and 5%ethanol),and the germination rate of sporangia decreased significantly when the concentration of leaf extract increased from 10 mg/mL to 50 mg/mL.The germination rate of zoospores treated with 10 mg/mL leaf extract was significantly lower than that of control.When the concentrations of extracts of young leaves and adult leaves were 10,25 and 50 mg/mL,the control effect of 10 mg/mL extracts of Cabernet Sauvignon was 95.0%,and that of the other treatments were 100.0%.The leaf extracts of Noble and Cabernet Sauvignon could inhibit the germination rate of sporangia and zoospores of P.viticola,and their control effects on downy mildew in laboratory was significant.

关 键 词：葡萄霜霉病 叶片提取物 圆叶葡萄 欧亚种葡萄 预防 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]