梨液体授粉花粉活性影响因素探究  

Exploration of the factors influencing pollen activity in liquid spray pollination of pears

作　　者：韩虎 刘紫嫣 刘理民 刘亚佳[1] HAN Hu;LIU Ziyan;LIU Limin;LIU Yajia(Centre for Pharmaceutical Instrumentation and Application Technology,College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100193 China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学理学院药械与施药技术中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期210-216,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000202);国家梨产业体系(CARS-28)资助。

摘　　要：果树液体授粉技术能够大幅提高授粉效率,提高果实品质,但影响花粉活性的因素尚不确定。以梨花粉为研究对象进行液体授粉,研究花粉悬浊液放置时间、喷雾机种类、喷雾压力、回流装置及喷头种类对花粉活性的影响。结果表明,配置完成的花粉悬浊液应选择压缩式喷雾器,并在10 min内完成喷施,花粉活性最佳;液泵的使用会大幅降低花粉活性,隔膜泵降低约30%,柱塞泵使花粉活性的降低幅度超过30%;在0.3~2.5 MPa压力范围内,喷雾压力、喷头种类和孔隙大小对花粉活性无显著性影响;使用离心喷头作业时,转速应维持在8000~12000 rpm范围内,对花粉活性的影响较小,且雾滴粒径合适。研究结果可为梨液体授粉技术的发展和推广提供参考。Although the reasons affecting pollen activity are unknown,liquid spray pollination technology in fruit trees can greatly increase pollination efficiency and fruit quality.The effects of pollen suspension placement time,sprayer type,spray strength,reflux mechanism,and nozzle type on pollen activity were examined using pear pollen as the research object for liquid spray pollination.The results revealed that the finished pollen suspension should be configured with a pressure sprayer,and be sprayed within 10 minutes to get the best pollen activity.Use of a liquid pump greatly reduced pollen activity.Diaphragm pump and plunger pump decreased the pollen activity by about 30%and more than 30%,respectively.There was no significant effect on pollen activity from spray pressure,nozzle type and pore size in the pressure range of 0.3-2.5 MPa.When utilizing centrifugal nozzles,the speed should be kept between 8,000 and 12,000 revolutions per minute,with suitable droplet size.This study can provide references for the development and extension of liquid spray pollination technology in pear.

关 键 词：梨 液体授粉技术 喷雾参数 花粉活性 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]