三种梨简化棚架栽培树形树冠与产量形成差异比较分析  

Comparative analysis of differences in shapes,crown and yield formation of pear trees under three simplified trellising cultivations

作　　者：曾少敏[1] 陈小明[1] 胡宁三[1] 黄新忠[1] 姜翠翠[1] ZENG Shaomin;CHEN Xiaoming;HU Ningsan;HUANG Xinzhong;JIANG Cuicui(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Research Centre for Engineering Technology of Deciduous Fruits,Fuzhou,Fujian,350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所/福建省落叶果树工程技术研究中心,福州350013

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期217-221,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：福建省公益类科研院所专项(2020R10280015);农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021006);泉州市科技计划项目(2022N028);“十四五”福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(zycxny2021010)资助。

摘　　要：以梨双臂顺行式树形为对照,对单干单主枝、双干双主枝2种改进型简化棚架栽培树形早期树冠与产量形成进行多年跟踪调查分析.结果表明,与梨双臂顺行式树形相比,单干单主枝、双干双主枝2种树形主干增粗较慢、主枝增长较快,差异达显著或极显著水平;大、中、小型3类结果枝组数量峰值分别出现于定植后第5年、第3年、第3年,均提早1年以上;定植当年至定植后第5年形成花芽数量更多,差异达显著或极显著水平;定植后第2至第6年单位面积累计产量分别增加3009.93、2830.18kg/667m^(2),累计纯收益分别增加23429.44元/667m^(2)与21991.44元/667 m^(2),加快树冠形成与缩短进入盛产期和回收建园成本时间的作用显著.The early crown and yield formation of trees with two simplified trellising methods,including single trunk with single main branch,double trunks with double main branches were investigated and analyzed for many years with the double-armed anterograde tree shape of pear as control.The results showed that compared with the double-armed anterograde tree shape,the trunk thickening of the trees of these two simplified shapes was slower,and the main branch growth was faster,and the difference from that of control was significant or extremely significant.The number of large,medium and small fruiting branches reached peak in the 5th,3rd and 3rd year after planting,respectively,all of which were more than 1 year earlier than that of control.The number of flower buds was higher from the year of planting to the fifth year after planting,and the difference was significant or extremely significant.The cumulative yield per unit area of the trees of two simplified shapes increased by 3,009.93 kg/667 m^(2)and 2,830.18 kg/667 m^(2),and the cumulative net income increased by 23,429.44 RMB yuan/667 m^(2)and 21,991.44 RMB yuan/667 m^(2),respectively,in the 2nd to 6th year after planting.The effect of accelerating crown formation,and shortening the time of entering the peak production cycle and recovering the cost of garden construction was significant.

关 键 词：梨 棚架栽培 简化树形 树冠 产量 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]