苹果新品种“福星”在甘肃天水的表现及栽培技术要点  

Performance and cultivation techniques of new apple cultivar Fuxing in Tianshui,Gansu Province

作　　者：雷明山[1] 安小娟 周晓康[1] 杨建宁 LEI Mingshan;AN Xiaojuan;ZHOU Xiaokang;YANG Jianning(Tianshui Fruit Research Institute,Tianshui,Gansu,741001,China;Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui,Gansu,741001,China;Fruit Industry Center in Maiji District of Tianshui,Tianshui,Gansu,741020,China)

机构地区：[1]天水市果树研究所,甘肃天水741002 [2]天水师范学院,甘肃天水741000 [3]天水市麦积区果品产业中心,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第3期228-232,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27);甘肃省苹果种质资源库平台项目(18JR2TE001);天水市科技支撑计划项目(2021-NCK-4383);天水市秦州区科技支撑计划项目(2023-NCKJG3559)资助。

摘　　要：“福星”是青岛农业大学苹果育种团队以“新世界”为母本、“粉红佳人”为父本进行人工杂交选育的苹果优良新品种。2019年春季,天水市果树研究所引进该品种进行栽植,对物候期、树体生长及果实生长发育情况等进行观测分析,并总结其栽培技术要点。该品种平均单果质量229.6 g,最大单果质量261.3 g,果形指数0.92,果实短圆柱形,果形端正,成熟果实鲜红色,果面光亮,风味酸甜,果肉黄白色,肉质细,有香气;可滴定酸含量0.28%,可溶性固形物含量17.1%,去皮硬度11.3 kg/cm^(2),切开后不易氧化褐变,果实10月下旬成熟,发育期180 d左右,果实贮藏性好。11月底树体落叶,树势中庸健壮,萌芽率62.6%,成枝力4.3个,高接第3年株产17.2 kg,折合667 m^(2)产量963.2 kg;第4年株产22.6 kg,折合667 m^(2)产量1265.6 kg。该品种在甘肃天水表现良好,具有易成花、着果率高、品质优良、抗病性强,较抗晚霜冻害,是可免套袋栽培的苹果新品种,适宜在甘肃天水及周边苹果产区推广栽植。Fuxing is an excellent new apple cultivar bred by apple breeding team of Qingdao Agricultural University with New World as seed parent and Pink Beauty as pollen parent.Tianshui Fruit Research Institute introduced this cultivar for trial planting in spring of 2019.Phenological phase,tree growth,fruit growth and development were observed and analyzed.The key cultivation techniques were summarized.The average and maximum single fruit weight of Fuxing was 229.6 g and 261.3 g,respectively,and the fruit shape index was 0.92.Fruit of Fuxing was short cylindrical,well-shaped,with long fruit stem.The mature fruit was bright red with bright and smooth surface.The taste of fruit was sweet and slight sour.The fruit pulp was yellow-white,delicate and fragrant.Titrable acid content of Fuxing fruit was 0.28%,and soluble solid content was 17.1%,with peeling hardness of 11.3 kg/cm^(2).The flesh was not easily oxidized and browning after cutting.The fruit ripened in late October with 180 d of development period.The fruits had good storage quality.Defoliation of Fuxing tree was at end of November.The tree vigor was moderate and robust.The germination rate was 62.6%,and the branching force was average 4.3.Yield of Fuxing in the third and fourth year after top grafting was 17.2 kg per plant(963.2 kg per 667 m^(2))and 22.6 kg per plant(1265.6 kg per 667 m^(2)),respectively.Fuxing had good performance in Tianshui,Gansu Province,with easy flower formation,high fruit setting rate,excellent quality.It has high resistance to disease,moderate resistance to late frost damage,and strong adaptability.It is a new non-bagging apple cultivar,which is suitable for planting and promotion in Tianshui and surrounding apple producing areas in Gansu Province.

关 键 词：苹果 福星 引种 表现 天水 栽培技术 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]