花生-玉米间作田东亚小花蝽对花生蚜的控制作用  

Control of the peanut aphid(Aphis craccivora)by Orius sauteri in peanut-maize strip intercropped fields

作　　者：韦夕平 曲明静[2] 陈瑶 鞠倩[2] 李伟[1] WEI Xi-Ping;QU Ming-Jing;CHEN Yao;JU Qian;LI Wei(College of Life Sciences,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,荆州434025 [2]山东省花生研究所,青岛266100 [3]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2024年第1期120-128,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400800);国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确花生-玉米间作种植模式东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri对花生蚜Aphis craccivora种群的控制作用。【方法】2017年田间试验调查花生单作种植模式和花生-玉米间作种植模式下花生蚜及东亚小花蝽的种群动态,计算东亚小花蝽和花生蚜的益害比,并利用天敌肠道内含物分子检测方法对东亚小花蝽体内花生蚜DNA进行检测,评估田间东亚小花蝽对花生蚜的捕食作用。【结果】花生-玉米间作种植模式下,东亚小花蝽种群发生高峰期提前于花生蚜发生高峰期。在花生蚜定殖期(6月10日前),花生-玉米间作种植模式下东亚小花蝽种群密度显著高于花生单作。在整个花生蚜发生期(5月31日-7月20日),花生-玉米间作种植模式下东亚小花蝽与花生蚜的益害比显著高于花生单作种植模式(t=2.981,df=10,P=0.014)。且在花生蚜第一次发生高峰期(6月10日),花生-玉米间作种植模式下东亚小花蝽与花生蚜的益害比显著高于花生单作种植模式(t=7.103,df=4,P=0.002)。6月10日,田间东亚小花蝽DNA样本中花生蚜阳性检出率为9.21%,其他时间无花生蚜检出。【结论】花生-玉米间作种植模式能够先于花生蚜发生高峰期涵养东亚小花蝽,且东亚小花蝽对花生蚜的捕食作用可显著降低花生苗期花生蚜的种群密度。[Aim]To investigate the impact of Orius sauteri on the population dynamics of peanut aphids in a peanut-maize strip intercropping system.[Methods]A comprehensive field experiment(peanut-maize strip intercropping system and peanut monoculture system)was conducted in 2017 to investigate the population dynamics of peanut aphids and their primary predator,O.sauteri.This involved calculating the ratio of beneficial natural enemies to pest insects in both monoculture and intercropped systems,and conducting a molecular gut-content analysis to assess the predation of peanut aphids by O.sauteri under realistic field conditions.[Results]The population peak of O.sauteri occurred earlier than that of peanut aphids in peanut-maize intercropped fields.During the colonization period of the peanut aphid(before June 10th),peanut-maize intercropping significantly increased the density of O.sauteri compared to monoculture systems.Throughout all sampling dates(from May 31th to July 20th),comparative analysis revealed that peanut-maize strip intercropped fields had a significantly higher predator-to-pest ratio compared to peanut monocultures(t=2.981,df=10,P=0.014).During the population peak of peanut aphids(on June 10th),peanut-maize strip intercropped fields had a significantly higher predator-to-pest ratio compared to peanut monoculture fields(t=7.103,df=4,P=0.002).On June 10th,9.21%of predators tested positive for peanut aphid DNA,with nonpositive results obtained during other periods.[Conclusion]Our findings demonstrate that intercropping strips of peanuts and maize substantially increases the predator-to-pest ratio compared to growing peanuts as a monoculture.Furthermore,early predation by O.sauteri on peanut aphids significantly reduces the population density of peanut aphids during the peanut seedling stage.

关 键 词：东亚小花蝽 花生蚜 作物多样性 种群动态 肠道内含物 细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ基因 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]