污染源对滇池表层水体中微塑料空间分布的影响  

Impact of Pollution Sources on the Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Dianchi Lake Surface Water

作　　者：王蕊[1] 李菊[2] 陈郸 李大凤 袁志伟 邓春暖[1] WANG Rui;LI Ju;CHEN Dan;LI Dafeng;YUAN Zhiwei;DENG Chunnuan(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Enwvironmental Change,Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,P.R.China;College of Urban Construction,Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部,云南省高原地理过程与环境变化重点实验室,云南昆明650500 [2]云南开放大学城市建设学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第3期359-366,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21866033);云南省基础研究计划项目(202101AT070049);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024J0756);云南省教育厅教育科学研究基金项目(2023J0797)资助;云南省水利厅水利科技项目(2024BC202003)。

摘　　要：为了研究湖泊周边污染源对水体微塑料空间分布的影响,于2020年9月20日,在滇池设置56个采样点并采集其表层水样,并利用显微镜和拉曼光谱仪,分别对水样微塑料进行镜检和成分鉴定,最后对微塑料丰度与污染源的关系进行分析。研究结果表明,滇池表层水体微塑料丰度为1387~3558个/m^(3),处于中度污染水平;微塑料物理特征以透明、纤维状和粒径小于1 mm为主;聚乙烯、染色微塑料和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯是主要的聚合物成分,分别占比为31.2%、24.1%和17.1%;在滇池北部,微塑料丰度受污染源影响显著,且距离污染源越远微塑料丰度越高;在滇池南部,微塑料丰度受污染源影响不显著;在滇池全湖范围内,微塑料丰度受渔业活动影响显著;污染源对滇池北部和南部微塑料空间分布的影响都受到湖泊水动力的干扰,渔业活动是滇池水体微塑料的主要来源,影响着滇池全湖微塑料的空间分布。In order to investigate the impacts of pollution sources around the lake on the spatial distribution of microplastics in water,56 sampling points were set up in Dianchi Lake and surface water samples were collected on September 20,2020.A stereoscopic microscope and Raman spectrometer were utilized individually for the microscopic examination and identification of microplastics composition in water samples.Finally,the relationship between microplastic abundance and pollution sources was analyzed.The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface water of Dianchi Lake ranged from 1387 to 3558 n/m^(3),indicating moderate levels of pollution.The physical characteristics of microplastics were mainly transparent,fibrous,and smaller than 1mm in particle size.Polyethylene(PE),Colored plastics and Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)were the main polymer components,accounting for 31.2%,24.1%and 17.1%,respectively.In the northern part of Dianchi Lake,the abundance of microplastics was significantly affected by pollution sources,and the further away from the pollution sources,the higher the abundance of microplastics increased.In the southern part of Dianchi Lake,the influence of pollution sources on microplastics abundance was not insignificant.In the whole Dianchi Lake,the abundance of microplastics was significantly affected by fishery activities.The impact of pollution sources on the spatial distribution of microplastics in both the northern and southern parts of Dianchi Lake was interfered by lake hydrodynamics,with fishery activities being the main source of microplastics in the water of Dianchi Lake,affecting the spatial distribution of microplastics in the whole Dianchi Lake.

关 键 词：微塑料 污染源 空间分布 污染特征 湖泊 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]