基于大型底栖动物完整性指数的湘江干流水生态状况评价  

Assessment of Water Ecological Health Status of the Xiangjiang River Mainstream based on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index of Biological Integrity

作　　者：周湘婷 黄佳颖 易敏 ZHOU Xiangting;HUANG Jiaying;YI Min(Hunan Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center,Changsha 410014,Hunan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省生态环境监测中心,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第3期367-375,共9页Wetland Science

摘　　要：为了了解湘江干流大型底栖动物群落特征,2022年春季和秋季,对湘江干流22个采样点的大型底栖动物及其环境因子进行了监测;通过参照采样点及评价指标筛选,确定总分类单元数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和捕食者分类单元数为核心指标,利用大型底栖动物完整性指数体系,评价湘江干流水生态状况。研究结果表明,共采集到大型底栖动物52种,其中节肢动物门24种,软体动物门19种,环节动物门9种,出现频次最高的为环棱螺(Bellamya sp.);优势物种有6种,其中软体动物门4种,环节动物门2种;上游段采样点大型底栖动物的物种数和密度都大于中下游的衡阳和株洲段;大型底栖动物完整性指数体系评价结果显示,在22个采样点中,有2个评价等级为优,7个评价等级为良好,8个评价等级为一般,5个评价等级为较差,无很差的采样点;上游永州段大型底栖动物完整性显著优于中下游,衡阳和株洲段大型底栖动物完整性最差;对比环境因子评价结果发现,大型底栖动物完整性指数体系相比环境指标更具综合性和敏感性,适用于湘江干流水生态状况评价。In order to learn the characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate community in the mainstream of Xiangjiang River,the macroinvertebrate communities and their environmental factors were monitored at 22sites of the Xiangjiang River mainstream in spring and autumn 2022.A total of 52 macroinvertebrate species were collected,including 24 arthropods,19 mollusks and 9 annelids.The group with the highest frequency of occurrence was Bllamya.There were 6 dominant groups,including 4 species of Mollusca and 2 species of Annelida.The species are more and the density is higher at the upper reaches than those in Hengyang and Zhuzhou.In order to scientifically evaluate the water ecological status of the Xiangjiang River mainstream,3core parameters for constructing the B-IBI index system of the Xiangjiang River mainstream were clarified,including the total number of classification units,Shannon-Wiener index and the number of predator classification units.The evaluation results showed that the grades of two sites were excellent,7 ones were good and 8 ones were average,5 ones were poor and no very poor position.The Yongzhou upper reaches were apparently better than the middle and lower reaches,Hengyang and Zhuzhou were the worst.By means of comparing the evaluation results of environmental factors,it had been found that B-IBI is more comprehensive and sensitive than the environmental index and more suitable for the water ecological status evaluation of Xiangjiang River mainstream.

关 键 词：河流 大型底栖动物 群落结构 生物完整性指数 湘江 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]