聚丙烯塑料在人工湿地中的降解及其对微生物群落结构的影响  

Degradation of Polypropylene Plastics in Constructed Wetlands and Its Effects on Microbial Community Structure

作　　者：荆鑫鑫 陈高[2] 王宁[1] 张建 韩郭兰 张昭 姜慧琪 邵媛媛 JING Xinxin;CHEN Gao;WANG Ning;ZHANG Jian;HAN Guolan;ZHANG Zhao;JIANG Huiqi;SHAO Yuanyuan(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,Shandong,P.R.China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250000,Shandong,P.R.China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101 [2]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250000 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第3期428-436,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41907204);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXGC021001和2022TZXD0044);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210430028和S202210430050);山东建筑大学国内访问学者计划项目;山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目资助。

摘　　要：随着一次性塑料口罩的使用量逐年增多,废弃口罩的肆意丢弃和处理极易对环境造成污染。以日常用聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)材质的一次性口罩为研究对象,将其添加到人工湿地中,分析聚丙烯塑料在人工湿地中短期降解过程(90 d和180 d)中的形态变化,并分析其在降解过程中塑料际微生物群落结构变化。研究结果表明,在降解过程中聚丙烯塑料表面明显由光滑变为粗糙,乙烯长链断开,产生了新官能团羰基和醚键,表面疏水性变小;180 d后,在人工湿地出中检出直径为10~30μm的聚丙烯塑料;在人工湿地中降解180 d后,聚丙烯塑料际表面基本形成稳定的微生物群落结构,主要以假单胞菌(Pseudomonadales)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillales)为主,随着时间的延长,人工湿地中与氮转化相关的微生物多样性和物种丰富度降低。With the escalating usage of single-use plastic masks,the indiscriminate disposal and mishandling of discarded masks pose a significant threat to environmental contamination.The study focused on the degradation process of a disposable face mask made from polypropylene(PP)in a constructed wetland.The morphological changes of the polypropylene plastic were analyzed over a short-term period of 90 days and180 days,and the impacts of polypropylene plastic degradation on microbial communities in wetlands were also investigated.The results showed that a transition in the surface morphology of polypropylene plastic from smooth to rough,accompanied by the cleavage of long ethylene chains and the formation of new functional groups such as carbonyl and ether bonds.Additionally,a decrease in surface hydrophobicity was observed.Polypropylene plastic particles with a diameter of 10-30μm were detected in the constructed wetland after a period of 180 days.After 180 days of degradation in the constructed wetland,a stable microbial community structure was established on the surface of the polypropylene plastic,primarily comprising Pseudomonadales and Bacillales.Over time,there was a decline in microbial diversity and species richness associated with nitrogen transformation within the constructed wetland.

关 键 词：聚丙烯塑料 一次性口罩 人工湿地 降解 微生物 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]