水流扰动对苦草、水盾草的生长和无性繁殖的影响  

Effects of Water Flow Disturbance on Growth and Asexual Reproduction Response of Vallisneria natans and Cabomba caroliniana

作　　者：刘秋美 陈心胜 邓志军 邓正苗[2] 谢永宏[2] 李峰[2] 李四军 LIU Qiumei;CHEN Xinsheng;DENG Zhijun;DENG Zhengmiao;XIE Yonghong;LI Feng;LI Sijun(Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,Hubei,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,Hunan,P.R.China;School of Resources and Envionmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,Anhui,P.R.China;Datong Lake Wetland Management Bureau,Yiyang 413200,Hunan,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]生物资源保护与利用湖北省重点实验室(湖北民族大学),湖北恩施445000 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,洞庭湖湿地生态系统观测研究站,湖南长沙410125 [3]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [4]益阳市大通湖区大通湖湿地管理局,湖南益阳413200

出　　处：《湿地科学》2024年第3期445-452,共8页Wetland Science

基　　金：安徽省重点研发项目(202104i07020005);湖南省科技创新平台计划项目(2022PT1010);长沙市杰出创新青年培养计划项目(2023);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2020)资助。

摘　　要：沉水植物是水生生态平衡的重要调控者,水动力是影响水体理化性质及水生植物生长状况的重要环境因素。本实验研究了水流扰动对两种沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)和水盾草(Cabomba caroliniana)生长和无性繁殖的影响。研究结果表明,水流扰动条件下,水体的浊度显著增大;在水流扰动条件下,种植苦草的水体中溶解氧质量浓度为7.2~13.5 mg/L,显著大于种植水盾草的水体;相较于静置组,水流扰动显著增大了苦草母株根的生物量[(19.2±0.9)g]和相对生长速率(0.5±0.1);在静置条件下,水盾草的母株株高[(20.5±0.4)cm]、根长[(17.0±2.0)cm]、地上部分生物量[(11.1±0.1)g]、根生物量[(7.3±0.1)g]和相对生长速率(0.2±0.1)显著大于水流扰动条件;在水流扰动条件下,苦草分株株高[(38.9±1.2)cm]显著增大,而静置条件下水盾草的分株数[(3.0±0.1)株]、地上部分生物量[(11.8±0.3)g]、株高[(10.0±0.5)cm]显著大于水流扰动条件;相较于本土植物苦草,水流扰动对外来入侵植物水盾草的生长和无性繁殖带来显著不利影响,静水环境有利于水盾草生长。Submerged plants are important regulators of aquatic ecological balance,and hydrodynamics is an important environmental factor affecting the physical and chemical properties in water and the growth status of submerged plants.In this experiment,we investigated the effects of water flow disturbance on the growth and asexual reproduction of two submerged plants(Vallisneria natans and Cabomba caroliniana).The results showed that,under the water flow disturbance condition,NTU in water had increased significantly.Under the water flow disturbance,the dissolved oxygen concentration of Vallisneria natans in the water was 7.2 to13.5 mg/L,significantly larger than Cabomba caroliniana.Compared to the static group,water flow disturbance significantly increased the root biomass[(19.2±0.9)g]and relative growth rates(0.5±0.1)of mother plants of Vallisneria natans.In contrast,under the static conditions,plants height[(20.5±0.4)cm],root length[(17.0±2.0)cm],aboveground biomass[(11.1±0.1)g],root biomass[(7.3±0.1)g]and relative growth rates(0.2±0.1)of mother plants of Cabomba caroliniana were significantly greater than the water flow disturbance conditions.Under water flow disturbance conditions,plants height[(38.9±1.2)cm]of Vallisneria natans increased significantly.However,ramet number[(3.0±0.1)plants],the aboveground biomass[(11.8±0.3)g],and the plant height[(10.0±0.5)cm]of Cabomba caroliniana were significantly greater than the water flow disturbance conditions.Compared with the native plant Vallisneria natans,water flow disturbance had a significant negative impact on the growth and asexual reproduction of the invasive plant Cabomba caroliniana,while the static water was favorable to the growth of Cabomba caroliniana.

关 键 词：水流扰动 生物量 溶解氧 无性繁殖 苦草 水盾草 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]