全新世若干“喜热动物”分布极限及其地理意义再探讨  

The Geographical Significance of the Distribution Boundaries of"Thermophilic Animals"duringtheHolocene

作　　者：李冀 李永项[2] Li Ji;Li Yongxiang(Institute of Silk Road Studies,Northwest University,710069;Department of Geology,Northwest University,710069)

机构地区：[1]西北大学丝绸之路研究院,陕西西安710069 [2]西北大学地质学系,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2024年第2期5-18,共14页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“西北地区发展的历史经验”(17JJD770012);陕西省社会科学基金项目“我国西北丝绸之路沿线动物物产变迁研究”(2015H012);西北大学“国家社科基金孵化计划”项目“历史地理视野下的夏代史迹研究”(21XNFH007)。

摘　　要：犀、象、水牛、獐等多种今日主要生存于我国南方的野生动物,通常被学者默认为“喜热动物”,并依据其历史分布来推论当时的亚热带北界位置。然而,已有大量证据表明这些所谓的“喜热动物”大都并非严格畏寒,其中部分物种分布的范围甚至能向北超出中俄国界,与已有认识明显不符。近年来动物考古学提供的诸多新证据显示,这些动物在我国并不存在正北方向的分布极限,而是在西北方向存在一个从黑龙江省北部延伸至云南省南部的分布极限。这一分布极限大体与胡焕庸线(黑河—腾冲线)走向一致。这种一致性是由多种动物群体证据复原而来。考虑到胡焕庸线与400毫米等降水量线之间的联系,将上述动物称为“喜湿动物”或许更加准确。Wild rhinoceros,elephants,buffaloes,Hydropotinae and other wild animals now living in southern China are commonly regarded as thermophilic animals by scholars.The historical distribution of thermophilic animals has been used to infer the northern boundary of the subtropical zone.However,sub-stantial evidence suggests that most thermophilic animals are not strictly averse to cold temperatures.In fact,some of them have even been observed spreading north beyond the Sino Russian border.The substantial evi-dence contradicts existing knowledge about the distribution boundaries of thermophilic animals.This paper reviews recent zooarchaeological findings comprehensively,and argues that the distribution limit for these animals does not extend directly north in China but rather lies in the northwest direction from northern Hei-longjiang Province to southern Yunnan Province.The distribution limit roughly consists with the Hu's Line(Heihe-Tengchong Line).The consistency is not merely coincidental but can be confirmed by multiple ani-mal groups.Considering about the correlation between Hu's Line and the 40Omm isohyet line,it would be more accurate to define these animals as Hygrophilic animals.

关 键 词：胡焕庸线 亚热带北界 喜热动物 喜湿动物 现生种 灭绝种 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]