清代东北厅制的形成过程  

The Foundation and Evolution of Ting System in Northeast China during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：谢长龙 Xie Changlong(Institute of Qing History,Renmin University of China,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2024年第2期100-110,共11页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

摘　　要：清代东北厅制作为边疆地区设厅的一种典型案例,其发展过程大体可分为草创期、理事期、抚民期、新政期四个阶段。草创期的东北各厅从分驻地方的同知、通判脱胎而来,逐渐确定以驻防区为基础,管理其上的民人、民地;理事期内东北各厅主官均为理事同知、通判,代将军、驻防兼理一定范围内刑名钱粮事务,但受到来自当地驻防的节制;抚民期内各厅改为从属民人管理体系,日益独立于驻防,发展程度高的厅甚至改设为府、州、县;新政期内各厅设治频繁、制度趋同,在新政的安排下成为一种政区分等的手段。清代东北厅制在其发展过程中形态与政区不完全相同,各省发展情况亦先后有别,但总体上遵循相似的发展脉络,因之在形成与演变中具备相当的地域性特征。The sub-prefectures(Ting,厅)system in the northeast areas of the Qing Dynasty was the sig-nificant case in governing border areas.Its formative process mainly included four periods.In the founding period,the Ting system gradually founded based on the management of Tongzhi(同知)or Tongpan(通判),who managed affairs in the new settled over residential registration and land taxation on behalf of eight-banner garrisons.In the second period,the governors of Ting system were regulated to manage all the judi-cial affairs in the same area as their corresponding eight-banner officials garrisoned.In the third period,the Ting system gradually gained independence from eight-banner garrisons by further administrating fiscal af-fairs in the same area,with highly developed Tings transformed into Fu(府),Zhou(州),or Xian(县).Un-der the influence of reformations in the late Qing Dynasty,the Ting system was confirmed in accordance and extensively utilized in the short term.In the last process,the Ting system in Northeast areas of the Qing Dy-nasty showed external differences with the Ting in other provinces,and internal differences among Fengtian,Jilin,and Heilongjiang.However,most of the Tings in Northeast areas of the Qing Dynasty originated from institutions taking over a certain range of responsibilities in the area of garrison entirely or partly.In conclu-sion,the foundation and evolution of Ting system established in the Northeast areas of the Qing Dynasty pre-sented a series of regional features.

关 键 词：厅制 东北 理事厅 抚民厅 政区 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]