国际人权斗争的学理意蕴及话语策略--基于对西方“普世人权”的解构  

The Theoretical Implications and Discourse Strategies of International Human Rights Struggle—Based on the Proposition of the Universality of Human Rights

作　　者：洪乐为 HONG Lewei(School of Marxism,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院,北京100084

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期130-139,共10页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AKS022)。

摘　　要：国际人权斗争的主要场域是人权话语,这同“人权普遍性”这一学理命题紧密关联,而人权普遍性命题本身即蕴含着深刻的斗争性。对于西方实施人权干涉的主要话术--“普世人权”正当性的解构即是人权话语斗争的重要内容。而解构的关键在于离析这一话术长期以来同《世界人权宣言》及人权普遍性原则的绑定关系,以根本动摇其“普世”的正当性基础。《世界人权宣言》关于人权普遍性原则的规范表述,至少包含着“人权主体”和“权利内容”双重的普遍性要求。在此规范意涵的呈现和对照下,足见西方无论是在人权的传统观念还是现实实践上,都同人权普遍性原则存在严重背离。所谓“普世人权”无疑是虚伪和局限的,其断然无法代表人权普遍性原则。对比而言,中国人权事业发展所取得的成就、人权观念和实践才是真正契合与彰显这一原则的典范。故而,今时开展人权话语斗争,尤其在针对人权普遍性命题的表述上,应当积极争夺人权普遍性原则的代表与话语权,构建中国人权话语的“普遍性”立场,使人权普遍性原则不再为西方话语所独占和把控,以此进一步提升中国的人权国际影响力和话语权。The main field of international human rights struggle is human rights discourse,which is closely related to the theoretical proposition of"universality of human rights",a proposition containing profound struggle itself.The deconstruction of the legitimacy of"universal human rights",the main tactics of human rights intervention in the West,is an important part of the struggle of human rights discourse.The key to deconstruction of it lies in the separation of long-term binding relationship between"universal human rights"and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the principle of universality of human rights,so as to fundamentally shake the legitimate foundation of its"universality".The normative expression of the principle of universality of human rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at least contains the dual universal requirements of"human rights subject"and"right content".The presentation and comparison of the meaning of this norm shows that the West has seriously deviated from the principle of universality of human rights both in concept and practice.The so-called"universal human rights"is undoubtedly hypocritical and limited,and it absolutely cannot represent the universal principle of human rights.Comparatively speaking,the achievements,concepts and practice of human rights in the development of China's human rights are the models that truly fit and demonstrate this principle.Therefore,in order to carry out the struggle of human rights discourse nowadays,especially in the expression of the proposition of universality of human rights,we should actively compete for the representative and discourse right of the principle of universality of human rights,and construct the"universality"position of Chinese human rights discourse,so that the principle of universality of human rights is no longer monopolized and controlled by Western discourse,and China can further enhance international influence and discourse right of human rights.

关 键 词：国际人权斗争 人权话语 人权普遍性 《世界人权宣言》 人权主体 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学] D815