边疆经略与直省支撑:陕西地区在清朝经略西藏中的地位和作用  

Frontier Management and Provincial Support:The Position and Role of Shaanxi in the Management of Xizang in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：邓涛 姜晔 DENG Tao;JIANG Ye

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学马克思主义学院,上海200240 [2]内蒙古大学历史与旅游文化学院 [3]内蒙古艺术学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第1期87-96,214,共11页China Tibetology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大历史专项“中国古代边疆治理的实践及得失研究”(项目编号:22VLS010)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：清朝加强对西藏地方的管理经历了若干阶段。西藏地方发生的一些重要历史事件使得清朝不得不从直省地区调拨人力和物力以经略西藏。尽管清代陕西地区与西藏并不接壤,但由于陕西是中国古代经略西北边疆的传统重地,加之陕西独特的地理位置和较好的自然条件,这使得陕西一度成为清朝经略西藏的中枢和前沿。清代时,驻扎西安的陕甘总督(川陕总督)曾经深度参与清朝经略西藏的进程,在清朝管理西藏、保障出入藏贸易等方面发挥了重要作用,西藏事务也是清前期陕甘总督辖区变化的主要原因。清代陕西地区在军事力量、后勤供应、交通保障等方面支撑着清朝统一和管理西藏,体现了陕西地区的重要战略地位,反映了直省地区特别是边缘直省在清朝治理边疆地区事务中的重要作用。The strengthening of the administration of Xizang went through several stages in the Qing Dynasty.Some important historical events occurred in Xizang forced the Qing Dynasty to allocate human and material resources from the provinces directly under the central government to Xizang.Although Xizang was not bordered by Shaanxi in the Qing Dynasty,Shaanxi was a traditional important place for ancient China to manage the northwest frontier,coupled with its unique geographical location and good natural conditions,which made Shaanxi once the center and front of governing Xizang by the Qing Dynasty.In the Qing Dynasty,the governors of Shaanxi and Gansu( Sichuan and Shaanxi) stationed in Xi'an were deeply involved in the management of Xizang,playing an important role in the Qing Dynasty's management of Xizang,the protection of trade in and out of Xizang,and other aspects,and Xizang's affairs were also the main reason for the change of the ShaanxiGansu governors' jurisdiction in the early Qing Dynasty.In the Qing Dynasty,Shaanxi supported the Qing Dynasty's unification and management of Xizang in terms of military force,logistics supply and transportation support,which reflected the important strategic position of Shaanxi and the important role of the direct provinces,especially the marginal provinces,in the Qing Dynasty's governance of border areas.

关 键 词：清代 西藏 陕西 直省 边疆 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]