苟象寺“垛顺节”中的汉藏文化交流研究  

Research on the Han-Tibetan Cultural Exchanges in the gTo-srung Festival of dGu-sbyang Monastery

作　　者：松芳 SONG Fang

机构地区：[1]成都师范学院教育与心理学院,成都610064

出　　处：《中国藏学》2024年第1期134-143,216,217,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：成都师范学院高层次引进人才项目“川西北地区苟象‘垛’(gto)中的汉藏文化交流研究”(项目编号:YJRC202115)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苟象寺(■)是白龙江流域建寺年代最早、极负盛名的苯教寺院,由安多“三圣者”之象帕创建。寺内存留至今的典籍、法器、佛像、壁画、铠甲等文物,蕴藏历史时期汉藏民族交往交流的文化实践内容。文章通过田野调查,认为该寺由僧人、民间宗教祭司和俗人共度的“垛顺节”(■)是苯教禳解仪轨“垛”(■)民俗化、节日化的结果,具有村落仪式和佛教“羌姆”(■)的形态特征,亦有汉藏相融、佛苯共存、僧俗共舞的特点。垛顺节中的详解春牛历、军舞、狮子舞等内容均受到了汉文化的影响。通过分析其具体内容和丰富的文化内涵来阐明汉藏文化接触、互动、彼此借鉴的历史过程,进而揭示藏汉文化互鉴互融的机制,以期为新时代铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供地方性的实践支持。dGu-sbyang Monastery,the earliest and most illustrious Bon monastery within the Bailong River Basin,was founded one of the "Three Saints" of Amdo.The cultural relics including canonical texts,ritual artifacts,Buddhist statues,murals,and armaments preserved in the monastery contain the cultural practice of HanTibetan exchanges in historical times.This study,grounded in ethnographic fieldwork,posits that the gTosrung,a communal event celebrated by monks,folk religious officiants,and laypeople,is a result of the folklorization and festivization of the gTo ritual of Bon religion.The festival embodies characteristics of village ceremonies and the Buddhist "vCham",alongside distinctive features of Han-Tibetan cultural amalgamation,the coexistence of Buddhism and Bon,and the shared dance of monks and laity.The detailed explication of the spring calendar,lion dance,military dance,and other elements within the gTo-srung festival,are all influenced by Han culture.This study elucidates the historical process of Han-Tibetan cultural contact,interaction,and mutual learning through an examination of the specific content and rich cultural connotations.It further reveals the mechanisms of mutual influence and integration between Tibetan and Han cultures,aiming to provide localized practical support for strengthening the sense of community for the Chinese nation in the new era.

关 键 词：苟象寺 垛顺节 民族 交往交流交融 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]