生物膜在环境污染治理中的应用及挑战  

Applications of biofilm in environmental pollution control and the related challenges

作　　者：沈东升[1] 邢筱静 龙於洋[1] 惠彩 SHEN Dongsheng;XING Xiaojing;LONG Yuyang;HUI Cai(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Zhejiang Gong-shang University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling/Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Non-ferrous Metal Waste Recycling,Hangzhou 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学环境科学与工程学院/浙江省固体废物处理与资源化重点实验室/有色金属废弃物资源化浙江省工程研究中心,杭州310012

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2024年第5期1426-1434,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42107006,42177203,41977331)资助。

摘　　要：生物膜因具有吸附和生物降解等功能,近年来已被应用于环境污染治理。生物膜法不仅被成功应用于污水处理,在土壤重金属和有机污染物的修复中也具有较高的应用价值。随着微塑料和抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)等新污染物被广泛关注和研究,生物膜在其中发挥的作用不容忽视。本文系统综述了生物膜的结构组成、形成机制、种群和功能及近年来在环境污染治理中的应用与机制,重点论述了生物膜对重金属和有机污染物的去除机制与应用进展,并阐明了在新形势下生物膜带来的塑料际多种污染物并存、ARGs传播与病原菌富集等诸多环境问题,最后指出了目前研究存在的不足和今后的研究方向,尤其强调了探究生物膜与多种污染物之间相互作用关系与作用机制的重要性,以期为生物膜修复新技术的开发提供理论依据。Biofilm has been used in environmental pollution control in recent years due to its characteristics of adsorption and biodegradation.Beyond the success of its utilization in wastewater treatment,biofilm technique has high application value in the remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils.With the extensive attention and research of emerging pollutants such as microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),the pivotal role of biofilm can not be overlooked.Here,we presented a comprehensive review of the structure,formation mecha-nism,population,and functional aspects of biofilm,as well as its applications and mechanisms in environmental pollution control in recent years.We emphatically discussed the removal mechanism and application progress of biofilm on heavy metals and organic pollutants.We further expounded some novel environmental challenges posed by biofilm under new circumstances,including the coexistence of various pollutants in plastisphere,the spread of ARGs,and the accumulation of pathogens.Finally,we put forward the gaps of current research and prospects for future research,especially the importance of exploring the interaction relationship and mechanism between biofilm and various pollutants.It is expected to provide theoretical basis for the development of new technology of biofilm remediation.

关 键 词：生物膜 胞外聚合物 污染治理 新污染物 环境挑战 

分 类 号：X505[环境科学与工程—环境工程]