民营企业内部人员背信罪名的理解与适用——基于《刑法修正案(十二)》的修改  

The Understanding and Application of Breach of Trust by Internal Personnel of Private Enterprises:Based on the Amendment XII to the Criminal Law

作　　者：何惠玲 HE Huiling

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2024年第3期115-124,共10页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(项目编号:1233300004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十二)》回应社会关切,将民营企业内部人员违反忠实义务的行为上升为刑事犯罪,为打击此类行为提供了刑法支持。违反忠实义务行为的入罪既是破除所有制歧视问题、平等保护民营企业权益的要求,也有助于衔接前置法形成对民营企业权益更全面的保护。从行为构造与行为本质分析,新增的民营企业内部人员犯罪是特殊背信罪,侵犯的法益是公司、企业利益。对于修订后的民营企业内部人员背信罪名的理解适用,应结合背信犯罪的本质和法定犯属性综合判断:一是“违反法律、行政法规规定”的认定要经过前置法与刑法的双重审查,刑法判断应回归对公司利益的实质保护:二是犯罪主体的范围应作严格解释,与公司法中相关义务主体范围保持一致;三是在“致使公司、企业利益受损”的认定中,公司利益不仅包括对现有利益的损害,还包括对预期利益的损害。The Amendment XII to the Criminal Law responds to the concerns of the society by elevating the violation of the duty of loyalty by internal personnel of private enterprises to a criminal offence,which provides criminal law support for cracking down on such behavior.The criminalization of the violation of the duty of loyalty is not only a requirement for eliminating the problem of ownership discrimination and protecting the rights and interests of private enterprises on an equal basis,but also helps to connect non-criminal laws to form a more comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of private enterprises.From the analysis of behavioral structure and behavioral nature,the new crime of internal personnel of private enterprises is a special breach of trust,with the infringement of legal interests upon the interest of the company or the enterprise.The understanding and application of the revised crime of breach of trust by internal personnel of private enterprises should be combined with the nature of the crime of breach of trust and the attributes of statutory offence,and make a comprehensive judgement:Firstly,the determination of the“violation of laws and administrative regulations”should go through the double review of non-criminal law and criminal law,and criminal law judgement should return to the substantive protection of corporate interests;Secondly,the scope of the subject of the offence should be strictly interpreted in consistence with the scope of the subject of the relevant obligation in the company law;Thirdly,in the determination of“causing damage to the interests of the company or the enterprise”,the interests of the company include not only the damage to the existing interests,but also the damage to the expected interests.

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十二)》 民营企业 背信罪 非法经营同类营业罪 为亲友非法牟利罪 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]