基于植物逆境生理生态的栽培药材质量提升途径的探讨  

Pathway of Cultivated Herbs Quality Improvement Based on Physiological Ecology Under Adversity

作　　者：孟祥才[1] 孟兆平 由亚非 张炜 MENG Xiangcai;MENG Zhaoping;YOU Yafei;ZHANG Wei(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第12期203-208,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U20A2040)。

摘　　要：药材的质量与环境密切相关,逆境条件下生产的药材的质量佳。中药材来源已由野生转为栽培,较佳的栽培环境也导致了药材质量大幅度下降,而目前缺少提高药材质量的有效方法。植物在逆境条件下必然产生大量的活性氧,逆境条件下药材质量的提升可能通过活性氧实现的。该文阐述了植物逆境-活性氧-次生代谢三者的关系:活性氧能够改变蛋白质(包括酶)的结构,调节酶的活性,从而影响次生代谢,以此提高植物的适应能力,因此活性氧是导致逆境改变次生代谢的本质原因。植物的细胞具有全能性,植物的药用部位能够独立完成次生代谢的全过程,因此通过鲜药加工环节调控次生代谢可显著提高药材的质量。外源活性氧可作为刺激药用部位的诱导因子,使新鲜药用部位产生与逆境条件下相近的生理状,从而可增强次生代谢,提高药材有效成分含量,并且药材各种成分的含量和比例也更接近野生药材。植物适应逆境的机制就是药材质量形成的机制,采用活性作为诱导物质可为优质药材生产提供新的途径。The Chinese medicinal materials quality is usually related to ecological stress,with a super quality under adversity.The origin of Chinese medicinal materials has converted from the wild to the cultivation,and the better growth environment under the cultivation also lead to a decline of the quality.At present,there are few effective methods to improve the quality.Plants are bound to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species(ROS)under the adverse conditions,and the quality may be closely related to ROS.This paper describes the relationship between plant adversity-ROS-secondary metabolism:ROS can alter the structure of proteins,and regulate enzyme activities,affect secondary metabolism by which the adaptive capacity of plants be improved,which indicating that ROS is the essential cause of adversity changing secondary metabolism.The cells of plants are omnipotent and can complete the whole process of secondary metabolism,so regulation of secondary metabolism during the processing of fresh drugs can significantly improve the quality of medicinal materials.The application of exogenous ROS as inducer can also induce a physiological states similar to that under adverse conditions,and enhance the production of secondary metabolites,improve the quality of medicinal materials,the contents of medicinal materials and the ratio of each component are also closer to that of wild medicinal materials.Because the mechanism of plant adaptation to adversity is the mechanism of the quality formation of medicinal materials,the application of ROS can provide new avenues for the production of high quality herbs.

关 键 词：活性氧 栽培药材 生理生态 次生代谢 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学] R289R287R22R2-031R33R24