生物与仿生微结构复合材料的断裂力学研究进展  

Advances in fracture mechanics of biological and bioinspired microstructured composites

作　　者：韦小丁 刘俊杰 於中良 朱文清 高洋 丛超男 WEI XiaoDing;LIU JunJie;YU ZhongLiang;ZHU WenQing;GAO Yang;CONG ChaoNan(State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System,Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science,College of Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology,Bejing 100124,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;College of Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学工学院力学与工程科学系,湍流与复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京100871 [2]北京工业大学材料与制造学部,北京100124 [3]扬州大学机械工程学院,扬州225127 [4]中国农业大学理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2024年第5期74-96,共23页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:12172005,12325202,11890681,11988102);科技部重点研发计划(编号:2022YFB3806100,2020YFE0204200)资助项目。

摘　　要：亿万年的“物竞天择”促进自然界生物进化出精妙绝伦的微观结构,生物材料的力学性能因此得以突破传统结构材料著名的“强度-韧性”倒置关系,这为未来先进工程结构材料的研发提供了新的思路.但复杂的微结构也使生物材料的宏观断裂行为呈现出多尺度、多过程、多介质耦合的复杂特征,为建立基于均匀性假设的经典断裂力学理论方法带来新的挑战.对含有微结构的生物复合材料的断裂力学行为进行深入研究,对拓宽断裂力学的研究范畴,推动断裂力学理论的发展,启发新一代先进结构材料的优化设计具有重要的科学意义和潜在应用前景.本文试从理论分析、数值模拟、实验手段三个方面回顾近年来关于含有精细微结构的生物及仿生复合材料断裂力学的研究进展,重点介绍新方法与新思想,为非均质材料断裂力学的发展和先进材料的强韧化设计提供借鉴.The intense competition for survival in nature for billions of years has led to the evolution of intricate microstructures in biological materials.These microstructures break the well-known strength-toughness trade-off of traditional structural materials,offering new ideas for developing advanced engineering structural materials.However,the complex microstructure also poses a new challenge for classical fracture mechanics,which assumes material homogeneity.The macroscopic fracture behavior of biological materials exhibits complex features of multi-scale,multi-process,and multimedium coupling.Studying the fracture mechanics of biological composites with microstructures is of great scientific significance and has potential application prospects for broadening the research scope of fracture mechanics,promoting the development of fracture mechanics theory,and inspiring the optimization design of advanced structural materials.This paper reviews recent research progress on the fracture mechanics of biological and bioinspired composites with sophisticated microstructures from three aspects:theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and experimental techniques.The focus is on introducing new methods and ideas that provide guidance for the development of fracture mechanics of heterogeneous materials and the design of strong and tough advanced materials.

关 键 词：断裂力学 微结构复合材料 非均质材料 强韧化 

分 类 号：O346.1[理学—固体力学]