地震灾害损失评估与遥感技术现状和展望  

A review and prospective research of earthquake damage assessment and remote sensing

作　　者：安立强 张景发[3] Ricardo Monteiro 张磊 AN Liqiang;ZHANG Jingfa;RICARDO Monteiro;ZHANG Lei(Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CEA,Harbin 150080,China;Tianjin Earthquake Agency,Tianjin 300201,China;Key Laboratory of Emergency Satellite Engineering and Application,Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100124,China;University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia,Pavia 27100,Italy)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所,哈尔滨150080 [2]天津市地震局,天津300201 [3]应急卫星工程与应用应急管理部重点实验室,北京100124 [4]意大利帕维亚高等研究院,意大利帕维亚27100

出　　处：《遥感学报》2024年第4期860-884,共25页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资助项目(编号:ZDJ2017-29);天津市重点研发计划(编号:20YFZCSN01010)。

摘　　要：地震灾害损失评估是地震震前应急准备、震后应急响应和恢复重建的重要工作内容。随着地震灾害风险的加剧以及对防灾减灾救灾工作需求的提升,近年来地震灾害损失评估技术得到较快的发展。同时,随着遥感技术进入大数据、智能化时代,遥感数据在地震灾害损失评估中也得到了广泛的应用。本文对地震灾害损失评估及其中遥感技术应用的发展进行了梳理:首先回顾了地震灾害损失评估的发展现状,对比分析了国内外地震灾害损失评估软件平台的异同点;归纳了人口和经济损失估计的典型方法;然后分别对震后遥感灾害损失评估以及基于遥感的震害预测方法现状进行了总结。最后本文讨论了目前地震灾害损失评估工作存在的一些问题并提出了相应的建议,在此基础上对遥感数据应用于地震灾害损害评估工作的趋势进行了展望。Earthquake loss assessment is an important part of earthquake emergency preparedness,emergency response,and reconstruction.With the increased awareness of earthquake risk and the increasing demand for earthquake protection and disaster reduction,earthquake disaster loss assessment technology has undergone rapid development in recent years.Moreover,as remote sensing technology has entered the era of big data,remote sensing data are beginning to be widely used in earthquake loss assessment.This study reviews and summarizes the development of earthquake loss assessment and its use in remote sensing techniques.In particular,we initially reviewed the development of earthquake loss assessments and compared and analyzed the differences between loss calculation methods and the main functions of earthquake loss assessment software platforms at home and abroad.Second,we summarize the calculation methods for estimating casualties,injuries,and economic loss according to whether structural damage is considered.Third,we summarize the development of emergency earthquake loss assessment methods and earthquake loss prediction methods based on remote sensing.Finally,we analyzed the application prospects of NTL remote sensing data as a spatialization tool for population and GDP data for earthquake disaster loss.The following conclusions can be drawn.(1)In recent years,the calculation granularity of the domestic earthquake disaster loss estimation system has gradually improved.The applied structural damage estimation method has changed from the traditional empirical earthquake damage matrix to the fragile curve,and the system application scenario has developed from the post-earthquake period to full-time application.(2)A seismic loss assessment based on macro-data and historical earthquake cases is easy to calculate,but its reusability needs to be improved.Comparatively,various sophisticated methods for building loss information involve logical reasoning,but they are restricted by varying degrees of data completeness.(3)Post-earthqu

关 键 词：震害预测 地震风险 损失评估 震害评估 遥感数据 

分 类 号：TP701[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] P2[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]