拜登政府对非科技援助探析  

An Analysis on the Biden Administration’s Technological Aid to A frica

作　　者：李圣达 Li Shengda

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期56-66,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(20AGJ010)。

摘　　要：美国对非科技援助既是美国全球战略的重要组成部分,也是美国应对全球技术竞争的海外手段。拜登政府执政以来,美国加强在数字技术、前沿医疗科学和新型农业技术、空间和网络技术等领域对非洲的科技援助。拜登政府在美国对非援助计划中更加突出科技主题,强调技术指导和科技创新;强调科技人才的培养和交流,加大科研合作的资金投入;强调科技行业技术标准的制定,争取非洲国家对美国科技规范的认同;强调发挥美国联盟体系的作用,拉拢盟友共同参与对非洲科技援助,搭建技术联盟和多边合作机制。拜登政府利用非洲自身发展对美国科技援助的需求,力图建立在非洲地区的科技垄断提高自己的经济收益,维护自身在全球供应链和价值链顶端的优势地位,力求增强美国在非洲的影响力,争取在地缘政治竞争中占得先机。然而,拜登政府对非科技援助附带一定的政治条件,并非真正为了非洲国家的发展,而是以维护美国的全球霸权和利益为出发点,实际效果甚微。The United States(US)technological aid to Africa is both an important part of the US global strategy and an overseas means to respond to global technological competition.Since the Biden administration came to power,the US has strengthened technological aid to Africa in the areas of digital technology,cutting-edge medical science,new agricultural technology,as well as space and network technology.The aid for Africa places a pronounced emphasis on technology,stressing technical guidance and innovation,the cultivation and exchange of technological talents,and increased funding for research cooperation.The Biden Administration led the formulation of technical standards in the technology industry and has sought recognition by Africa.Additionally,the Biden administration underscored the role of the US alliance system,rallying allies to participate in technological aid to Africa and establishing technological alliances and multilateral cooperation mechanisms.The Biden administration has utilized Africa's own development needs for US technological aid to enhance US influence in Africa,to gain advantages in geopolitical competition,to establish a scientific and technological monopoly in Africa to increase its own economic gains,and to maintain its own dominant position at the top of the global supply and value chain.However,the US technological aid to Africa is contingent upon certain political conditions.Therefore,the Biden administration's technological aid to Africa is not geared towards the development of Africa but rather aimed at maintaining US global hegemony and interests.As a result,the actual effectiveness of Biden's technological aid to Africa falls short of expectations.

关 键 词：对非科技援助 拜登政府 美国外交 地缘政治竞争 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F14[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学] D84