精准扶贫政策对降低农村收入差距的影响测度——基于RIF方法和CHFS数据的实证研究  

Measuring the Impact of Precision Poverty Alleviation Policies on Reducing Rural Income Disparities:An Empirical Study Based on the RIF Method and CHFS Data

作　　者：陈宗胜[1] 郭皓 Chen Zongsheng;Guo Hao

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期90-106,共17页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA052);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71874089)。

摘　　要：通过实施精准扶贫政策,我国有效消除了绝对贫困,成功实现了全面小康社会。然而,关于精准扶贫政策对中国农村收入差距产生的影响,却存在不同观点。基于中国家庭金融调查的若干年份数据,运用再中心化影响函数方法和双重差分法,深入探究精准扶贫政策对农村收入差距的影响、传导机制及异质性,研究发现:精准扶贫政策显著缩小了农村收入差距,并通过相关稳健性检验;精准扶贫政策产生的“降差”效应是通过激发几个传导机制,如提高贫困农户就业规模、转移收入水平以及人力资本等,从而实现农村收入差距的缩小;异质性分析表明,精准扶贫政策对高受教育、党员身份以及风险规避户主农户家庭的政策效果更加显著。这一政策对中东西各地区都有显著影响,但以中部地区收入差距缩小效应最为突出。Through the implementation of targeted poverty alleviation policies,China has effectively eliminated absolute poverty and successfully achieved a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Both the government and academic circles have made comprehensive evaluations concerning this topic.However,there are differing views on the impact of targeted poverty alleviation policies on rural income disparities in China.Some argue that these policies widen rural income gaps,while others claim they narrow them.As such,there is insufficient convincing research vis-a-vis this significant issue.Based on data from several years of the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS),this paper employs the"Recentered Influence Function"(RIF)method and the Differences-in-Differences approach to explore in-depth the impact,transmission mechanisms,and heterogeneity of precision poverty alleviation policies on rural income disparities.Research has found that precision poverty alleviation policies have significantly reduced the income gap in rural areas,as confirmed by relevant robustness tests.The"gap reduction"effect generated by these policies is achieved by stimulating several transmission mechanisms,such as increasing the employment levels,income transfers and human capital of impoverished rural households,therefore achieving the narrowing of the income gap in rural areas.The heterogeneity analysis shows that precision poverty alleviation policies have a more significant effect on households with higher education,party membership,and a risk-averse family head.This policy has a significant impact on the central,eastern,and western regions,but the narrowing effect of income gap in the central region is most prominent.

关 键 词：精准扶贫 农村收入差距 基尼系数 再中心化影响函数 双重差分法 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]