商业数据保护的实践反思与立法展望——基于数据信息财产属性的保护路径构想  

Legislation for Commercial Data Protection:Reflection and Outlook-A Conception Based on Information Property Attribute of Data

作　　者：孔祥俊[1,2] Kong Xiangjun

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学 [2]上海交通大学知识产权与竞争法研究院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第3期72-92,共21页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字网络空间的知识产权治理体系研究”(项目编号:19ZDA164)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：当前盛极一时的数据确权研究与波澜不惊的数据保护实践形成了强烈的反差,并明显地在各说各话。理论上的数据确权必要性并未转化为实践中的现实紧迫性,理论上的完美性未必能够有效地解决实践问题。当前数据实践毕竟刚刚展开,系统的理想化的数据确权体系构建仍然是一种远期的愿景,现行的数据保护路径则是更具实操性的理性选择。数据保护与知识产权有高度近似的类比点,基于信息财产保护的既有路径适于纳入知识产权法框架体系,并特别契合反不正当竞争法的“额头汗水说”底层逻辑。当前的数据反不正当竞争裁判融确权于保护之中,基本满足了数据实践需求,但实践发展迅速,有必要在新一轮的我国反不正当竞争法的修订中设置数据保护专条,创设更有确定性和可预见性的专门规则,构建定位于类权利和弱权利的数据保护制度。There is a sharp contrast between the thriving research on data rights confirmation and the relatively quiet landscape of data protection practices,with little interaction between the two.The theoretical importance of data rights confirmation has yet to translate into practical urgency,as theoretical advancements have not effectively addressed practical challenges.Given that data practices are still in their early stage,the establishment of a systematic and ideal data ownership system remains a long-term goal,and the current focus on data protection represents a more pragmatic and logical choice.Data pro-tection and intellectual property rights share striking similarities.The existing approach to safeguarding information property rights aligns well with intellectual property laws,particularly the concept of"sweat of the brow"in anti-unfair competition law,so the current legal framework for resolving data disputes within anti-unfair competition laws can basically addresses the demands of data practices.However,as practic-es evolve rapidly,it becomes imperative to introduce specific data protection provisions in the upcoming revisions to the Anti-Unfair Competition Law.This will establish clearer and more predictable data rules for data governance,creating a data protection system that treats data rights akin to intellectual property rights and weaker rights.

关 键 词：商业数据 数据确权 知识产权 反不正当竞争法 额头汗水说 商业数据专条 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]