应对网络安全风险的保险保障机制论要  

Research On the Insurancee Compensation Mechanism for Cybersecurity Risks

作　　者：何启豪 He Qihao

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第3期125-138,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

摘　　要：网络安全风险引发了沉默风险保障争议,甚至可能重演“石棉赔付危机”。政府有必要构建专门的网络安全保险保障机制,以有效救济受害人。可保性与网络战是构建网络安全保险保障机制的主要挑战。通过对网络风险性质以及精算、偿付能力、道德风险和供需关系标准的分析,网络安全风险基本符合可保性要求。战争通常是保险保障的除外责任。由于对战争行为、归因规则等重要问题仍有争议,司法实践中对网络战除外责任的适用尚比较谨慎。我国的网络安全保险仍处于起步阶段,保险保障机制仍有待完善。应在政府与保险业的公私合作框架下,建立多层级网络风险分散机制,提供可负担的网络安全保险,并制定网络安全保险标准保单,以减少赔付争议与司法纠纷。As traditional insurance grapples with cybersecurity threats,the concept of silent cyber exposure emerges,potentially leading to a future"asbestos crisis."To mitigate this risk,it is imperative to develop a cybersecurity insurance framework that effectively lower risks and compensate those affected.The insurability of cybersecurity risks is analyzed by examining the nature of cyber threats,particularly systemic risks,and applying various criteria such as actuarial principles,solvency considerations,and assessment of moral hazard and supply-demand dynamics.A key obstacle for cybersecurity insurance is the war exclusion clause.By clarifying the definition of war/warlike action and implementing attribu-tion rules,the scope of war exclusion can be reasonably constrained in both theory and judicial practice.While China's cybersecurity insurance market is still in its infancy,fostering public-private partnerships is crucial to establish a robust cybersecurity insurance system.Collaboration between the government and the insurance industry is essential to promote standardized cybersecurity insurance policies and reduce disputes.Additionally,a multi-tiered cyber risk sharing system should be developed to make cybersecu-rity insurance more accessible and affordable for all.

关 键 词：网络安全保险 保险保障机制 沉默网络风险 可保性 网络战争除外责任 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]