我国抽象危险犯立法的整体考察及法益分析  

A Comprehensive Review of the Legislation and Legal Interests of the Abstract Dangerous Crimes in China

作　　者：刘浩 Liu Hao

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《比较法研究》2024年第3期152-165,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：“国家资助博士后研究人员计划”(GZC20233133)资助;“教育部、国家外专局高等学校学科创新引智计划”(B20077)资助。

摘　　要：抽象危险犯的构成要件表述中缺乏实害结果或者危险结果的内容,其存在立法推定的危险要件设置。在对我国刑法关于抽象危险犯的立法整体考察后可以发现,抽象危险犯的数量较多且法定刑相对较重,其合理性存在一定的问题,对此应当在解释论层面围绕不同的法益内容予以目的解释,从而合理限缩抽象危险犯的处罚范围与处罚力度。抽象危险犯的安全法益与秩序法益具有一定的独立性,个人法益对不同类型的抽象危险犯具有不同的平衡内容。一方面,需要以传统的个人法益进行目的解释的指引,另一方面,也应注意其他法益内容间的价值协调。除了在定罪方面外,在对抽象危险犯的量刑中应坚持比例原则意义上的罪刑均衡。The delineation of the constituent elements of the abstract dangerous crimes lacks explicit references to actual harm or hazardous outcomes,relying instead on a legislative presumption of dangerous elements.Through a comprehensive analysis of the abstract dangerous crimes within China's current criminal legislation,particularly examining relevant sections of the Criminal Law,it can be found that the number of such crimes is considerable and the prescribed penalties are notably severe,which has raised concerns over their rationality.To address this,a differentiated approach based on distinct legal interests should be applied at the interpretive level to judiciously narrow down the scope and severity of punishment for the abstract dangerous crimes.The legal interest for safety and order associated with these crimes possess a certain degree of autonomy,while rights-related legal interests exhibit varying degrees of balance across different types of the abstract dangerous crimes.Therefore,it is essential to use traditional rights interests to interpret the purpose of these crimes,alongside a focus on harmonizing values across other legal interests.Furthermore,in addition to the realm of conviction,adherence to the principle of proportionality in balancing between crime and punishment is also crucial during the proceeding of sentencing the abstract dangerous crimes.

关 键 词：刑事立法 抽象危险犯 安全法益 秩序法益 个人法益 解释论 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]