濒危半红树植物莲叶桐的开花生物学特征及繁育系统  

Flower phenology and breeding system of endangered semi-mangrove Hernandia nymphaeifolia

作　　者：张静文 陈慧[1] 李燕华[1] 王新茹 豆雪莉 张颖 关亚丽[1] ZHANG Jingwen;CHEN Hui;LI Yanhua;WANG Xinru;DOU Xueli;ZHANG Ying;GUAN Yali(College of Life Sciences,Hainan Normal University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands,Haikou 571158,China;School of Life Science and Technology,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学生命科学学院,热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室,海口571158 [2]岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江524048

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第5期1243-1248,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC181);海南省高等学校科学研究项目(Hnky2019-27)资助。

摘　　要：为了解濒危半红树植物莲叶桐雌雄异熟的繁育特点,本研究对莲叶桐的开花生物学特征进行观测。结果表明:莲叶桐开花方式可分为雌先型和雄先型,2种类型的雌花和雄花开放时间存在差异;莲叶桐的柱头可授性和花粉活力在雌性和雄性功能期均较高;人工辅助授粉实验显示,莲叶桐结实率依次为异株异花授粉(43.40%)>自然授粉(20.20%)>同株异花授粉(1.04%),不存在无融合生殖现象,其中异株异花授粉和自然授粉的结实率远高于同株异花授粉,表明莲叶桐为自交不亲和植物。综上,莲叶桐雌性和雄性功能正常,但种群数目小,导致同株异花授粉引起自交不亲和,是莲叶桐结实率低的主要原因。Hernandia nymphaeifolia is an endangered semi-mangrove species.Floral characteristic is of great significance for the conservation of endangered species.There are two flowering types of H.nymphaeifolia:one type with exclusively female flowers open in the morning and male flowers open in the afternoon named as protogyny,and the other type with the reverse behavior named as protandry.The stigma receptivity and pollen viability had high activities in both female and male functional stages.As for seed-setting rate,outcross pollination was the highest type(43.40%),followed by natural pollination(20.20%),geitonogamy(1.04%),and no apomixis,indicating that the breeding system of H.nymphaeifolia was self-incompatibility.In conclusion,the female and male functions of H.nymphaeifolia are normal,but the small population size leads to self-incompatibility,which is the main reason for the low seed-setting rate of H.nymphaeifolia.

关 键 词：濒危半红树植物 莲叶桐 开花生物学 雌雄异型异熟 自交不亲和 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]