西宁北川河湿地公园鸟类群落结构  

Bird community structure in Beichuan River Wetland Park in Xining

作　　者：罗佳鑫 鲍敏 韩军 张强元 陈振宁 LUO Jiaxin;BAO Min;HAN Jun;ZHANG Qiangyuan;CHEN Zhenning(Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province/School of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Shaanxi Tongchuan Wangyi Middle School,Tongchuan 727000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院/青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室,西宁810008 [2]陕西省铜川市王益-中学,铜川727000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第5期1348-1353,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目子课题(2019QZKK05010411);青海西宁湟水国家湿地公园动植物本底调查项目(201903)项目资助。

摘　　要：为了解西宁北川河湿地公园鸟类分布现状,于2019年1—9月采用样线法、样点法对湿地公园4种生境类型的鸟类组成及多样性进行了调查。共记录到鸟类73种,隶属于16目33科,其中优势种5种,分别为斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)、普通秋沙鸭(Mergus merganser)、大白鹭(Ardea alba)、渔鸥(Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus)和麻雀(Passer montanus);国家一级重点保护鸟类1种,即黑鹳(Ciconia nigra),国家二级重点保护鸟类4种,分别为大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)、黑颈䴙䴘(Podiceps nigricollis)、白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)和红隼(Falco tinnunculus);旅鸟占鸟类总种数的46.58%,留鸟为27.40%,夏候鸟为15.07%,冬候鸟为10.96%;夏季鸟类群落多样性最高(3.0588),其次为春季(2.8530),秋季最低(1.6032);人工湖生境类型多样性(2.3602)高于其他3个生境,游禽和鸣禽最多(34.25%),其次为涉禽(16.44%)。研究结果可为青海西宁湟水国家湿地公园动物保护和健康评价提供基础资料。To understand the distribution status of birds in Beichuan River Wetland Park,a part of Xining Huangshui National Wetland Park in Qinghai Province,we investigated bird community composition and diversity in four types of habitats from January to September 2019 by using the line transect and plot sampling methods.A total of 73 bird species belonging to 16 orders and 33 families were recorded,with five dominant species including Anas zonorhyncha,Mergus merganser,Ardea alba,Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus,and Passer montanus.There was one national first-class protected bird species(Ciconia nigra),and four national second-class protected bird species including Cygnus cygnus,Podiceps nigricollis,Platalea leucorodia,and Falco tinnunculus.Migratory birds accounted for 46.58%of the total number of bird species,followed by resident birds at 27.40%,summer birds at 15.07%,and winter birds at 10.96%.The highest diversity was in summer(3.0588),followed by spring(2.8530),and the lowest was in autumn(1.6032).The artificial lake habitat had the highest diversity(2.3602).Waterfowl and songbirds were the most abundant(34.25%),followed by wading birds(16.44%).Our results provided basic data for animal protection and health evaluation in the Xining Huangshui National Wetland Park in Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：鸟类 多样性 湿地 青海省 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]