盐碱土壤植物修复机制研究进展  

Research progress about phytoremediation mechanisms in saline-sodic soils

作　　者：周杰 王志春[1] 杨帆[1] ZHOU Jie;WANG Zhichun;YANG Fan(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第5期1453-1462,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28010403);国家自然科学基金项目(41971066);中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金项目(2020ZKHT-03)资助。

摘　　要：盐碱土在世界范围内广泛分布,却难以开发为农业用地,造成土地资源的浪费。过去几十年以来,人们致力于探索盐碱土的改良方法并初见成效。但在这些改良方法中,存在不同程度的环境、投入和成本等制约因素。随着人们对生态环境问题的深入关注,利用植物修复盐碱土的相关研究日益增多。植物修复是一种兼具生态效益和经济效益的盐碱土改良方法。虽然大多数植物在盐碱胁迫下生长发育受到影响,但一些植物在长期进化过程中形成了对盐碱环境的适应机制,能够通过生理、形态和分子的变化改善土壤的理化性质,进而达到修复盐碱土的效果。本文从植物地上部收获带走盐分、根系生长改善土壤物理性质、植物残体改善土壤理化性质、根系分泌物增加H+、根呼吸以及微生物协同植物修复共六个方面对盐碱土植物修复机制进行了综述。在系统总结现有研究进展的基础上,指出未来研究应对植物修复过程中如何在节省时间成本的基础上发挥其修复功效进行更为深入的研究,旨在最大程度发挥植物的修复作用,为盐碱地治理提供科学支撑。Saline-sodic soil is widely distributed around the world.However,transforming it into agricultural land is challenging,resulting in waste of land resources.During the past several decades,researchers have tried to explore the improvement methods of saline-sodic soil,with remarkable achievements.There are various degrees of constraints in these enhanced methods,in terms of environment,input,and cost.As people become increasingly concerned about environmental issues,studies on the utilization of phytoremediation of saline-sodic soil grow quickly.Phytoremediation is a method of improving saline-sodic soils with both ecological and economic benefits.Although the growth and development of most plants are affected by saline-sodic stress,some species have evolved adaptation mechanisms to the saline-sodic environment.Those species can improve soil physical and chemical properties through physiological,morphological and molecular changes,and then achieve the effect of restoring saline-sodic soil.Here,we reviewed the mechanisms of phytoremediation in saline-sodic soil from six aspects:(1)the removal of salts from plant aboveground parts,(2)the improvement of soil physical properties through root growth,(3)the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties through plant residues,(4)the increase of H+in root exudates,(5)root respiration,and(6)microbial synergistic phytoremediation.By systematically summarizing and collating current research,it is noted that future work should conduct more in-depth research on how to exert the restoration effect of plants in the process of phytoremediation on the basis of time and economy efficient,aiming to maximize the phytoremediation and provide scientific support for saline-sodic soil management.

关 键 词：盐碱土 植物修复 根区CO_(2) 根系分泌物 根际微生物 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]