商战与律例:晚清的重商主义法律改革  

Commercial War and Law:Mercantilist Legal Reform in Late Qing

作　　者：赖骏楠 Lai Junnan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2024年第3期764-783,共20页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：重商主义是理解中国近代法律史的重要线索。重商主义是近代政治经济的常见表现形态,其本质是民族国家与国民经济的同步缔造过程。西方各国经济自近代以来经历明显的重商主义阶段。晚清中国以不平等条约形式被迫卷入世界体系,丧失大量利权。为捍卫本国经济利益,实现富强,以郑观应为代表的晚清有识之士提出一整套包含法律改革在内的商战主张,即中国版的重商主义。在国际法层面,商战改革体现为以调查各国贸易、保护海外中国商民为宗旨的驻外领事制度的确立与完善,以及在商约谈判中要求废除诸多不公平待遇的尝试。在国内法层面,商战改革体现为专门应对近代经济发展的行政组织法改革、一般性重商法律的制定,以及与现代产业政策类似的、直接干预经济的诸项立法。提倡重商主义这一近代法新理解模式,并非要排斥原有的“法治—权利”和“政治—国族”模式,三者在近代语境中毋宁是兼容乃至互补关系。Mercantilism is an important clue for understanding the modern legal history of China.Mercantilism,a common manifestation of modern political economy,fundamentally represents the synchronous creation of the nation-state and the national economy.Since the modern era,the economies of Western countries have gone through a distinct phase of mercantilism.In late Qing China,the country was forcibly integrated into the world system through unequal treaties,losing a significant amount of rights and privileges.To defend the national economic interests and achieve prosperity,enlightened individuals of the late Qing era,represented by Zheng Guanying,proposed a set of commercial warfare strategies that included legal reforms,marking the Chinese version of mercantilism.At the international law level,these commercial warfare reforms manifested in the establishment and perfection of a consular system aimed at investigating foreign trade and protecting overseas Chinese merchants,as well as attempts to negotiate the abolition of many unfair treatments in trade agreements.Domestically,the reforms were reflected in administrative organizational law reforms tailored to modern economic development,the enactment of general mercantile laws,and various legislations directly intervening in the economy,akin to modern industrial policies.Advocating for mercantilism as a new understanding of modern law does not aim to exclude the existing"rule of lawrights"and"politicsnationality"models;rather,in the modern context,the three are more compatible and even complementary.

关 键 词：重商主义 商战 近代法 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]