红树林群落通过淹水时间及海水盐度的生态位分化实现物种共存  

The species coexisted in mangrove communities through niche differentiation of flooding time and salinity

作　　者：吕晓波[1,2] 李东海 杨小波[1] 张孟文[1,2] Xiaobo Lü;Donghai Li;Xiaobo Yang;Mengwen Zhang(School of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;Hainan Academy of Forestry(Hainan Academy of Mangrove),Haikou 571100)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228 [2]海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院),海口571100

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第3期24-32,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：2020年海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ202008);国家自然科学基金(31760170)。

摘　　要：红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海湾河口潮间带的受到周期性海水淹浸的木本植物群落,红树植物如何适应潮间带环境、实现多物种分离共存一直是研究的热点。生态位理论是解释群落物种共存的重要理论和方法之一,而幼苗是种群更新的基础。因此,本研究选取海南岛分布较广的6种红树植物幼苗,通过人工控制海水盐度、淹没时间和光照强度模拟不同的潮间带环境,构建了一个微型的红树林小群落。通过测定这6种幼苗在不同控制环境中的净光合速率,统计分析幼苗在海水盐度、淹水时间和光照强度3种资源条件下的生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位偏离程度,尝试阐述红树植物在潮间带中分离共存的机制。结果表明:在淹水方面,6种幼苗的生态位宽度最大的为白骨壤(Avicennia marina)(0.956),角果木(Ceriops tagal)(0.906)最小;白骨壤、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)的生态位重叠度较高,秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和角果木的生态位重叠度较高。生态位分离程度反映出在理论生态位中心是12 h/d的物种中,白骨壤(0.698)适应淹水的范围较大,在理论生态位中心是8 h/d的物种中秋茄(0.185)适应淹水的范围较大,在理论生态位中心是4 h/d的物种中海莲(0.115)适应淹水的范围较大。在盐度资源方面,生态位宽度最大的为白骨壤(0.987),秋茄(0.496)最小;白骨壤、桐花树和红海榄的生态位重叠度高,海莲和角果木的生态位重叠度高,秋茄与其他物种的生态位重叠度均不高。生态位分离程度反映出理论生态中心为20的物种中白骨壤(4.357)适应盐度的范围较大,理论生态位中心是10的物种中角果木(10.594)适应盐度的范围较大。在光照资源方面,生态位宽度最大的为角果木(0.995),白骨壤(0.828)最小;6种红树植物的生态位重叠度均较高;生态位分离程度反映出理论生态中�Aims:Mangroves are woody plant communities that thrive in the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical gulf estuaries,enduring periodic inundation by seawater.Understanding how mangrove plants adapt to this challenging environment and achieve multi-species separation and coexistence has been a focal point of research.Niche theory serves as an important framework for studying species coexistence within communities,with seedlings playing a crucial role in population renewal.The study aimed to construct a miniature mangrove community by selecting six widely distributed species found on Hainan Island and simulating different intertidal environments through manipulation of seawater salinity,flooding time,and light intensity.Methods:The net photosynthetic rate of these six species’seedlings was measured under various controlled conditions,while statistical analysis was conducted to examine niche width,overlap,and offset among the seedlings across three resource dimensions:seawater salinity,flooding time,and light intensity.This endeavor seeked to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the separation and coexistence of mangrove plants within the intertidal zone.Results:The results indicated that in terms of flooded water resources,the Avicennia marina(0.956)was the larger niche width and Ceriops tagal(0.906)was the smallest among the 6 seedlings.The niche overlaps were higher in Avicennia marina,Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora stylosa,while they were higher in Kandelia obovata,Bruguiera sexangula and Ceriops tagal.The degree of niche separation reflected that among the species with a theoretical niche center of 12 h/d,Avicennia marina(0.698)exhibited a wider range of adaptation to flooding;whereas among the species with a theoretical niche center of 8 h/d,Kandelia obovata(0.185)showed a broader range of adaptation to flooding;and among the species with a theoretical niche center of 4 h/d,Bruguiera sexangula(0.115)demonstrated extensive adaptability to flooding.In terms of salinity resources,the Avicennia marina(

关 键 词：红树林 生态位 生态位重叠 生态位分化 物种共存 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]