水产养殖业新型农业经营主体全要素生产率研究——基于微观主体面板数据和SFA法  

STUDY ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF NEW AGRICULTURAL BUSINESS ENTITIES IN AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY--BASED ON MICRO SUBJECT PANEL DATA AND SFA METHOD

作　　者：于露 姜启军[1] Yu Lu;Jiang Qijun(College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国农业资源与区划》2024年第3期196-206,共11页Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“非常态下城市主副食品储备与供应体系动态优化研究”(22BGL274);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系”(CARS-46);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“中国渔民收入、渔民生计和渔民社会保障研究”(19JHQ064)。

摘　　要：[目的]新型农业经营主体是推动农业现代化发展的重要力量,研究其生产效率及变化趋势、分析比较不同类型新型农业经营主体的效率对于推进农业高质量发展、促进乡村振兴具有重要意义。[方法]文章聚焦水产养殖领域,基于2018—2021年全国429个养殖生产新型农业经营主体样本面板数据,采用随机前沿生产函数分析了全要素生产率(TFP),并分解其驱动因素。采用共同随机前沿模型比较分析了龙头企业、农民专业合作社和家庭农场3类新型农业经营主体模式的生产技术效率。[结果](1)增加物质资料、劳动力、固定资产等方面的投入对产出增长有显著促进作用,但增加服务投入并未显著促进产出。(2)TFP增长的动力来源是技术进步,规模报酬率的贡献不大,而技术效率和配置效率的下降对TFP增长起到阻碍作用。(3)龙头企业、合作社、家庭农场3类新型农业经营主体的技术效率各有特点,以群组前沿面为基准时家庭农场的技术效率最高,以共同前沿面为基准时合作社的技术效率最高,以技术差距比表征的技术水平衡量,则龙头企业技术水平最高。[结论]建议加强科技投入,提升技术效率,优化成本投入结构,加强各类新型农业经营主体的联合与合作。New agricultural business entities are important forces in promoting the modernization of agriculture.Studying their production efficiency as well as analyzing and comparing the efficiencies of different types of new agricultural business entities are of great significance for promoting high-quality agricultural development and rural revitalization.This study uses panel data for 429 new agricultural operators of aquaculture production in China from 2018 to 2021.The stochastic frontier production function approach is applied to analyze total factor productivity(TFP)and to decompose the driving factors of TFP.The production technology efficiencies of three new types of agricultural business entities are analyzed and compared:leading enterprises,farmers'professional cooperatives,and family farms.Results indicate that increasing the input of material,labor or fixed assets plays a significant role in promoting output growth.In contrast,increasing service input does not significantly enhance output.The source of TFP growth is technological progress.The contribution of returns to scale to TFP growth is negligible,while the decline of technical efficiency and allocation efficiency hinders TFP growth.The technical efficiency of each of the three types of new agricultural business entities shows idiosyncratic characteristics.When the group frontier is used as the benchmark,the technical efficiency of family farms is the highest.When the common frontier is used as the benchmark,the technical efficiency of cooperatives is the highest.When measured by the technical level represented by the technology gap ratio,the technical level of leading enterprises is the highest.It is suggested to strengthen scientific and technological investment,improve technological efficiency,optimize the cost investment structure,and strengthen the alliance and cooperation of various new agricultural business entities.

关 键 词：新型农业经营主体 全要素生产率 技术效率 随机前沿法 水产养殖 

分 类 号：F325[经济管理—产业经济]