Exploring the size of Andean condor foraging groups along an altitudinal and latitudinal gradient in the Tropical Andes: Ecological and conservation implications  

作　　者：Diego Mendez Felix Hernan Vargas JoséHernan Sarasola Pedro P.Oleaa 

机构地区：[1]Departamento de Ecologia,Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Calle Darwin 2,28049,Madrid,Spain [2]Museo Nacional de Historia Natural,Calle 26 s/n,Cota Cota,La Paz,Bolivia [3]The Peregrine Fund,5668 West Flying Hawk Lane,Boise,ID 83709,USA [4]Centro para el Estudio y Conservacion de Aves Rapaces en Argentina(CECARA),Universidad Nacional de La Pampa,Avda Uruguay 151,6300 Santa Rosa,La Pampa,Argentina [5]Instituto de las Ciencias Ambientales y de la Tierra de La Pampa(INCITAP-CONICET),Avda.Uruguay 151,6300 Santa Rosa,La Pampa,Argentina [6]Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM),Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Calle Darwin 2,28049,Madrid Snain

出　　处：《Current Zoology》2024年第2期225-232,共8页动物学报（英文版）

基　　金：funded by The Peregrine Fund's Neotropical Science and Student Education Program,a British Ornithologists'Union Small Ornithological Research Grant,a Neotropical Birding and Conservation(formerly known as Neotropical Bird Club)Conservation Award granted to D.Méndez in 2014,and two 2018 grants to D.Méndez,one from the Rufford Small Grants Foundation(24763-1);another from the International Foundation for Science(I-1-D-6156-1).

摘　　要：Patterns of variation in the size of vulture foraging groups,and their ecological causes and consequences,remain litle explored despite strong links with the carrion recycling service that this key functional group provides.We documented the group size-frequency pattern of Andean con-dors Vultur gryphus gathered to feed on 42 equine carcasses experimentally placed in Bolivia,between 2012 and 2019,along an elevation range of 1,300-4,500 m asl.Based on the location(altitude and latitude)of the foraging groups,we examined the relationship between their size and species'population parameters(size and trend),habitat conditions,and livestock carcass availability and predictability.Condors utilized a high frequency(93%)of carcasses forming groups that ranged from 1 to 80 individuals(mean=25,median=18)and shaped a"lazy-J curve"typical pattern of size-frequency distribution whereby few groups(5,12%)were large(>55 individuals)and most(21,50%)were relatively small(<19 individuals).Group size related to altitude in that most larger groups formed at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely following an altitudinal gradient whereby larger groups are more likely to form around larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower elevations.Regardless of population size,group size could be an adaptive response of condors via local enhancement for improving individual scavenging efficiency.Many information gaps on this topic still exist,thus we provide a set of questions to address them,especially amidst the unrestricted impacts of human activities that condition vulture survival globally.

关 键 词：condor andino fusion-fission dynamics group size SCAVENGER social foraging vultures. 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]