乡村旅游政策推动贫困地区发展——基于“全国旅游扶贫示范项目”的准自然实验  

The Policy of Rural Tourism Promotes the Development of Poor Areas:Quasi-natural Experiments Based on the“National Tourism Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Project”

作　　者：顾振华 李欣 GU Zhenhua;LI Xin(College of Business and Economics,Shanghai Business School,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]上海商学院商务经济学院,上海200235

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2024年第5期61-76,共16页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：上海市教育科学研究项目上海高校哲学社会科学研究专项“‘伟大建党精神’视阈下红色旅游资源溢出效应的量化评估,机制挖掘与趋势预测”(2023ZSW006)资助。

摘　　要：乡村旅游是贫困地区脱贫致富的重要手段,研究旅游扶贫相关政策对贫困地区脱贫的影响效应具有深刻意义。文章以“全国旅游扶贫示范项目”为对象,从要素流动视角出发,提出了乡村旅游推动贫困地区发展的3条影响机制;随后利用2010-2020年我国832个国家级贫困县数据进行了实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)乡村旅游确实推动了我国贫困地区的发展,且该效应在时空上还具备可持续性和空间溢出性;(2)乡村人口就业人数的上升、数字基础设施的建设以及县域生态环境的改善是乡村旅游影响过程中的机制;(3)相比东部地区,乡村旅游对中西部地区的影响更显著;(4)不同类型政策在影响效应的时空性质和影响机制的选择上均存在异质性。此研究为实现“巩固和拓展脱贫攻坚成果”的目标提供了思路。Rural tourism has effectively increased the disposable income of rural people in China and has helped them escape from absolute poverty.So,rural tourism has been regarded by the government as an important means to get rid of poverty and get rich.The report to the 2oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward the goal of"consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation".Thus,whether the above policies can achieve this goal in the post-poverty eradication era,and what the mechanism in the policy transmission process is,these questions deserve deep consideration.The paper first proposes the following three impact mechanisms of rural tourism policies through mechanistic deduction and characteristic facts:The development of rural tourism enhances rural population employment,promotes the construction of digital infrastructure,and improves the ecological environment of the places where tourism is conducted,thus generating the policy effect of poverty alleviation and income increase.Subsequently,using the panel data of 832 national-level poor counties in 22 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2020,we conducted an empirical test through a double difference method controlling for individual and annual fixedeffects.The results show that(1)the rural tourism policy,represented by the"National Tourism Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Project",has promoted the economic development of poor counties in China,and the effect is also sustainable and spatially spilled over in time and space.(2)Three mechanisms underlying this effect are the significant increase in rural population employment,the continuous construction of digital infrastructure,and the continuous improvement of the ecological environment.(3)The policy effect has a more significant impact on the central and western regions than on the eastern regions.(4)Different types of rural tourism policies are heterogeneous in terms of the spatial and temporal nature of the effects and the choice of im

关 键 词：乡村旅游 要素流动 巩固脱贫成果 可持续性和溢出性 双重差分法 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]