“美德不图报”:理查森《帕梅拉》中的仆人问题与阶级规训  

"Virtue Desires No Reward":The Servant Problem and Class Discipline in Samuel R ichardson's Pamela

作　　者：张虎 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院

出　　处：《英语文学研究》2024年第1期29-47,共19页Journal of Literature in English

摘　　要：在《帕梅拉》中,塞缪尔·理查森以清教思想为武器,运用诸种叙事策略,编制了一个关于家仆榜样的罗曼司和关于理想主仆关系的神话,巧妙传达了“主仆秩序”是神圣的、家仆应该遵守行为指南手册的教诲以修成“尘世耶稣”的政治声音。本文将《帕梅拉》回溯到18世纪英国的历史中,尤其是关于主仆关系的争论和“仆人问题”的诸多讨论,探讨女仆的真实历史处境,揭露《帕梅拉》中所包含的政治诡计,即贵族与资产阶级如何“优雅”地对他们的仆人实施统治和规训。在这样的解读中,传统批评所呈现的《帕梅拉》中的家仆美德就仅仅是一个谎言或规训的工具了。In his novel Pamela;or,Virtue Rewarded,Samuel Richardson with Puritanism as ideological weapons employs special narrative strategies to fabricate a romance about model servant and a myth about ideal master-servant relationship,with the ultimate goal of teaching this moral:that the"order of master-servant hierarchy"is holy and that domestic servants should follow the conduct books'guidance and try to become a"secular Jesus".This article will return Pamela to the history of the 18th century Britain,paying special attention to the"servant problem"debate,in order to explore the real historical situation of housemaids and the real master-servant relationship of the time,in an attempt to reveal the tricks behind the talk of morality.In such analysis,the so-called"virtue"becomes a lie or a means with which aristocracy and bourgeoisie use to"politely"govern and discipline their servants.

关 键 词：塞缪尔·理查森 家仆 “仆人问题” 贞洁 清教 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]