何为“拯救意识”:亨利·詹姆斯的《使节》对帝国侵略性的反思  

What Is"the Sense of Salvation":Henry James's Critique of Imperialist Aggression in The Ambassadors

作　　者：李哲 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学外国语学院

出　　处：《英语文学研究》2024年第1期132-144,共13页Journal of Literature in English

摘　　要：亨利·詹姆斯的晚期小说《使节》中的“拯救”主题影射了19世纪末美国海外扩张的政治行径,即借拯救之名行帝国主义侵略之实。詹姆斯敏锐地捕捉到发轫于清教,又与美国经济、政治、文化发展合流的“拯救意识”这一思想文化传统,辨析出其中拯救世界与自我拯救两个内在维度。詹姆斯借由文学叙事揭示出以拯救世界之名的对外干涉饱含着私欲与侵略性,批判了基于文化无知与偏见的霸权思想,意欲以此匡正美国以武力“拯救”他国的政治论调,认为应着力于美国文化的自我救赎。詹姆斯认为唯有汲取欧洲文化中的审美感知力、弘扬美国文化中自律自制的道德持守,方能涤除狭隘的民族文化偏见,达到理想的文明图景。The theme of salvation in Henry James's late-phase masterpiece The Ambassadors alludes to late 19th century American imperialist overseas aggression and expansion under the lofty banner of"salvation".James acutely captured the American""sense of salvation",an ingrained socio-cultural tradition which originated in Puritanism and gradually was integrated with American economic,political,and cultural development,and discerned its two intrinsic dimensions:the world's salvation and self-salvation.Through his literary narrative,James revealed the egoistic motives and aggressiveness concealed beneath the claims of world salvation,criticized the hegemonic mind-set based on cultural ignorance and prejudice,with the intention to correct the American political argument about"save"others by military interference.He argues that the focus should rather be laid upon the American cultural self-salvation and that only by embracing the aesthetic sensibility of European culture and adhering to American moral integrity can the narrow national cultural prejudices be purged and the ideal American culture be achieved.

关 键 词：亨利·詹姆斯 《使节》 “拯救意识” 帝国主义 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]