对外直接投资与开放式创新关系研究  

Research on the Relationship Between Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Open Innovation

作　　者：刘宏[1] 王臣博 丁宁 LIU Hong;WANG Chenbo;DING Ning

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院 [2]首都经济贸易大学工商管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2024年第5期3-19,M0002,共18页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘双循环’新格局下我国企业对外直接投资嵌入全球创新网络质量研究”(项目编号:21BJY241)。

摘　　要：企业对外直接投资是实现高水平对外开放的重要推动力,而开放式创新为经济高质量发展提供了新动能,以国际大循环提升国内大循环的效率和水平,从而推动形成中国经济更高水平的动态平衡。文章以中国2003~2022年的上市公司为样本,探究了企业的对外直接投资行为是否有助于企业的开放式创新。研究发现,企业的对外直接投资行为能够显著促进企业的开放式创新。在进行了内生性检验和稳健性检验之后,上述结论仍然成立。机制分析发现,对外直接投资主要是通过增加研发人员数量、提升研发投入水平以及促进技术进步从而促进企业的开放式创新。异质性检验表明,当企业为国有企业或处于社会营商环境更好或社会信任水平更高的地区时,对外直接投资对企业开放式创新的影响更显著。此外,进一步研究表明对外直接投资的速度与规模均能够显著促进企业的开放式创新。在企业“走出去”背景下,文章研究结论为企业进行开放式创新提供了理论依据和政策建议,具有一定的理论意义与现实意义。Foreign direct investment by enterprises is an important driving force for achieving a high level of openness,while open innovation provides new momentum for high-quality economic development.By enhancing the efficiency and level of the domestic cycle through the international cycle,it can promote the formation of a higher level of dynamic equilibrium in China's economy.Using listed companies in China from 2003 to 2022 as a sample,this paper explored whether enterprises'foreign direct investment behavior contributes to open innovation.The research found that the foreign direct investment behavior of enterprises significantly promotes open innovation.After conducting endogeneity tests and robustness tests,the above conclusion still holds.Mechanism analysis revealed that foreign direct investment primarily promotes open innovation in enterprises by increasing the number of research and development personnel,enhancing research and development investment levels,and fostering technological progress.Heterogeneity tests indicate that the impact of foreign direct investment on open innovation in enterprises is more significant when the enterprises are state-owned,and when they are in regions with better social business environments and higher levels of social trust.Furthermore,further research indicates that both the speed and scale of foreign direct investment can significantly promote open innovation in enterprises.Against the backdrop of enterprises"going global",conducting open innovation provides theoretical basis and policy recommendations,with certain theoretical and practical significance.

关 键 词：开放式创新 对外直接投资 研发人员数量 研发投入水平 技术进步 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F275F273.1F832.51