打桩水下噪声水声阻尼器降噪试验研究  

Experimental study of underwater noise HSD noise mitigation device for offshore windturbine piles

作　　者：贾付诚 贺瑞[1] 相昀含 JIA Fucheng;HE Rui;XIANG Yunhan(college of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第3期407-416,共10页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：江苏省优秀青年基金(BK20190074);国家自然科学基金(52271272)。

摘　　要：海上风电是实现“双碳”国家战略的重要路径之一,但海上风机桩基础在冲击打桩过程中会产生高强度的水下噪声,对海洋生物的生存和繁衍产生严重危害,因此,桩基打桩水下噪声的降噪极为重要。为实现对打桩水下噪声有效、低成本的研究及降噪,本文通过缩尺试验证实了聚苯泡沫、橡塑棉在水下降噪应用的可行性,并将两种材料作为元件应用于水声阻尼器中,探索降噪效果及最优配置方式。通过时域、频域分析给出了布设密度、厚度等元件参数对降噪效果的影响,发现两种材料应用于水声阻尼器中具有优秀的降噪效果。此外,本文比较了钢桩、铝桩打桩水下噪声频谱有效频段的差异来源及机制,为在实验室经济、有效地研究打桩水下噪声降噪方法及装置提供了新的研究思路。Offshore wind energy is an important means of achieving the national strategy for carbon peak and carbon neutrality.However,the pile foundations used for offshore wind turbines can generate significant underwater noise during pile driving,which can have a detrimental effect on the survival and reproduction of marine organisms.It is therefore important to control the underwater noise generated by pile driving.This paper confirms the feasibility of using polystyrene foam and rubber plastic sponge to reduce underwater noise caused by pile driving through small-scale tests.The two materials are used as components in the Hydro Sound Dampers to investigate their noise attenuation effect and optimal configuration method for effective and lowcost investigation and control of underwater noise.The Hydro Sound Dampers exhibit excellent noise reduction properties when using the two materials.The effect of component parameters,such as layout density and material thickness,on the noise attenuation effect is analyzed in the time and frequency domains.The study compares the sources and mechanisms of the difference in the effective frequency band of the underwater noise spectrum of steel and aluminum piles.This provides a new research idea for the economical and effective study of the underwater noise mitigation method and device of pile driving in the laboratory.

关 键 词：桩基础 打桩 水下噪声 噪声控制 水声阻尼器 

分 类 号：X593[环境科学与工程—环境工程]