不锈钢纤维增强镁基仿生复合材料制备与力学性能  

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Bioinspired Mg-Based Composites Reinforced by Stainless Steel Fibers

作　　者：谢丽文 张立龙 刘艳艳 张明阳 王绍钢[4] 焦大 刘增乾[1] 张哲峰[1] XIE Liwen;ZHANG Lilong;LIU Yanyan;ZHANG Mingyang;WANG Shaogang;JIAO Da;LIU Zengqian;ZHANG Zhefeng(Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Nano Science and Technology Institute,University of Science and Technology of China,Suzhou 215123,China;State Key Laboratory of Light Alloy Foundry Technology for High-End Equipment,Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry Co.Ltd.,Shenyang 110022,China;Shenyang National Laboratory for Material Science,Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学技术大学纳米科学技术学院,苏州215123 [3]沈阳铸造研究所有限公司高端装备轻合金铸造技术国家重点实验室,沈阳110022 [4]中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,沈阳110016

出　　处：《金属学报》2024年第6期760-769,共10页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目No.2020YFA0710404;国家自然科学基金项目Nos.52173269,51871216和52101160;中国科学院青年创新促进会项目No.2019191。

摘　　要：天然鱼鳞由于具有独特的组织结构而表现出优异的力学性能,可为金属材料的组织结构优化设计提供有益启示。本工作利用Mg熔体浸渗不锈钢纤维编织骨架的方法,制备了具有类似天然鱼鳞的正交层合板和双螺旋层合板结构的镁基仿生复合材料,并选用二维平面随机取向结构作为对比,表征了复合材料的相组成、微观结构以及在室温与200℃条件下的力学性能,揭示了其微观结构与力学性能之间的关系。结果表明,镁基复合材料中不锈钢纤维能够起到显著的强化作用,并且其力学性能与微观结构密切相关。与二维平面随机取向结构相比,类鱼鳞仿生结构表现出更高的拉伸强度和塑性,并且能够通过不锈钢纤维从Mg基体中拔出促进变形和消耗能量。特别是,类鱼鳞双螺旋层合板结构在室温条件下塑性更高,而在高温条件下强度更高,其不同取向的纤维之间能够协调变形,诱导裂纹发生偏转,并减弱变形和损伤的局域化程度。Mg and Mg-based alloys are distinguished by their high specific strength-to-density ratios but demonstrate low strengths at ambient to elevated temperatures.Producing Mg-based composites offers an effective means of strengthening Mg.Nevertheless,the mechanical properties of Mg-based composites are primarily dependent on their architectures.Here,bioinspired Mg-based composites with fishscale-like orthogonal plywood and double-twisted Bouligand-type(i.e.,double-Bouligand)architectures were fabricated by the pressureless infiltration of an Mg melt into the woven contextures of stainless steel fibers.The phase constitution,microstructure,and tensile properties of the composites at room temperature and 200℃ were compared with a composite where stainless steel fibers were randomly oriented in-plane.The relationships between the microstructure and mechanical properties were also explored.The results showed that the stainless steel fibers played a notable role in strengthening the composites and were pulled out from the Mg matrix to promote plastic deformation and energy consumption.The mechanical properties of the composites were closely associated with their microstructures,with fish-scale-like architectures displaying higher strengths and larger plasticity than the randomly oriented ones.In particular,the double-Bouligand architecture allowed coordinated deformation between the fibers of different orientations and promoted crack deflection along the fibers,thereby alleviating the localization of deformation and damage in the composite.Therefore,it bestowed larger plasticity at room temperature and higher tensile strength at high temperature.By exploiting new bioinspired architectures,this study provides guidance for optimizing the architectural design of Mg-based composites to improve their mechanical properties.

关 键 词：镁基复合材料 类鱼鳞结构 仿生设计 不锈钢纤维 力学性能 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]