民族传统体育医学人类学研究的方法论转向  

The Methodological Turn of Medical Anthropology of Traditional Chinese Sports

作　　者：花家涛[1] 刘冠启 HUA Jiatao;LIU Guanqi(College of Physical Education,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学体育学院,芜湖241003

出　　处：《体育与科学》2024年第3期77-87,共11页Sports & Science

基　　金：安徽省高等学校科学研究重大项目“安徽传统体育现代化发展路径”,项目号:2023AH040018。

摘　　要：疾病与健康是个体生命进程中要面对的重要命题。以西方“幸存者龙舟队”乳腺癌患者的疾痛叙事为分析对象,讨论体育医学人类学研究的方法论转向议题。研究认为:(1)民族传统体育的西方疾痛叙事自20世纪末产生以来,历经克服恐惧、自我觉醒、竞合精神、自我超越等前后相继的叙事主题,形成了实用导向、个体阐释、患者参与式田野工作的医学人类学研究范式;(2)西方民族传统体育医学人类学研究,虽以患者参与式调查提高叙事效度,但存在文化体证缺乏、系统观照不足、二阶观察不够的困境,在接续中国理论传统中存在不能融入生命情感、社会心态、人文历史等局限;(3)在健康中国战略下具体实践的理论研究与治疗实务中,实现由“疾痛叙事”转向“生命传记法”的范式生成,也就是将社会转型与优秀传统体育文化现代化发展取得关联,形成“患者疾痛体验、社区健康共同体、国家健康规制”总体关联的研究框架,促进民族传统体育医学人类学研究的方法论转向。Health and disease are important propositions facing individuals in the life process.Taking the illness narrative of breast cancer patients in the Western"Survivors Dragon Boat Team"as an object of analysis,this paper discusses the methodological shift in sports medical anthropology research.The study concluded that:Since its emergence in the late 2oth century,the western illness narrative of traditional Chinese sports has undergone a series of narrative shifts,including themes such as overcoming fear,self-awakening,the spirit of competition,and self-transcendence.This has led to the formation of a medical anthropology research paradigm that is application-oriented,individually interpreted,and patient-participatory fieldwork.Despite the use of patient participatory investigation to enhance narrative validity,the medical anthropological study of western traditional Chinese sports is constrained by a lack of cultural evidence,insufficient systematic care,and inadequate second-order observation.Furthermore,it is unable to incorporate the life emotion,social mentality,and humanistic history into the succession of Chinese theoretical traditions.In the theoretical research and treatment practice of China's Healthy China strategy,a paradigm shift has been achieved from the"llness narrative"to the"life biography method",which combines social transformation with the modernisation of excellent traditional sports culture,and forms a research framework that is overall related to"patients'disease and pain experience,community health community,and national health regulation",thus promoting the methodological shift of traditional Chinese sports medical anthropology research.

关 键 词：民族传统体育 医学人类学 创伤后成长 参与式研究 疾痛叙事 生命传记法 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]